Kate Chopin Essays - American Women In Business, Kate Chopin

Kate Chopin Kate Chopin is a brilliant writer. Her writing career is during the late 1800's. She lives in a time where women are sexually suppressed and their opinions are not valued. Her writing holds more in common with our time than the time just after the Civil War. Although her life was full of death, she still lived as happy a life as she could by writing in such a bold and daring way. Kate Chopin was born as Catherine O'Flaherty. She was born July 12, 1850. She is the daughter of Thomas and Eliza O'Flaherty. Kate's father, Thomas O'Flaherty, was born in Ireland in 1805. He came to the United States in 1823. In 1825 he became a merchant in St. Louis. In 1855 he died suddenly in a train wreck when she was only four. His sudden death pushed all his family into new relationships with each other and the world. Thomas' first wife, Catherine de Reilhe, married Thomas in 1839. She was a French-Creole girl, who died after giving birth to their son, George. In 1844, Thomas married Eliza Faris. They had three children together: Jane, who died at childbirth; Thomas Jr.; and Catherine, who we know as Kate Chopin. After the father's death, Eliza had to cope with being a widow. Kate's childhood consisted of a widowed mother, and a widowed great-grandmother. As a child, Kate experienced many deaths. She became emotionally close to her half brother George O'Flaherty. George was a Confederate solider during the Civil War and died from typhoid fever after being released from prison in 1862. After her father and brother's death, Kate seemed to have collapsed. She became faintly ill, and it took her two to three years to recover the traumatizing events of her childhood. These events changed her permanently which made her very wary. Kate's great-grandmother, Madame Charleville, taught her French. In fact, that was the only thing she would speak around Kate. Madame Charleville would tell Kate stories about the French. Giving Kate a history lesson about how the French founded the city along the banks of the Mississippi. Some of these stories were false, but Kate didn't know the difference. They were just, "being no more than the scandals of another day" (Magill 205). In the end, Kate received an altogether unconventional education from her great-grandmother. Kate began a more conventional education at the Madames of the Sacred Heart Convent in 1860. There, the nuns taught her discipline and a respectable academic curriculum. Kate also along with English, learned French literature as well. Kate began to play the piano at an early age. "Kitty Garesche recalls Kate being an accomplished pianist with an exceptional musical memory" (Baechler 68). Kate began her music with her great-grandmother supervising her piano playing. The great-grandmother would sit patiently with Kate as she practiced her scales. She done this to teach her the importance of discipline and technique. During her schooling with the Madames of the Sacred Heart, the nuns encouraged Kate to continue with her piano playing. "By the time she reached adolescence, Kate O'Flaherty was an accomplished musician" (Unger 205). "In June 1868, Kate graduated from the St. Louis Academy of the Sacred Heart. She then plunged into the fashionable life, and for two years she was...'One of he acknowledged belles of St. Louis'" (Skaggs 2). After Kate's graduation, she emerged from the dark period of her brother's death, Kate became a popular young woman. In 1869 she began to smoke, which is highly unusual for a woman in those days. "For two years Kate lived a life of an attractive girl in the ?high society' (of French Origin) in which her mother moved" (Kunitz 150). She was greatly fascinated by all the varieties of people she met in New Orleans."She met aristocratic Creoles, unpretentious Cajuns (or Acadian: French pioneers who in 1755 had chosen to leave Nova Scotia rather than live under the British), Redbones (part Indian, part white), ?Free Mulattoes' (so called because they had never been slaves), blacks, and a cosmopolitan assortment of Germans, Italians, Irish, and Americans" (Baechler 68). Kate would sometimes roam the city unaccompanied. She had a liking to take a streetcar or just simply walk on foot. There in New Orleans she met 25 year old Oscar Chopin. She fell in love with this businessman and in 1870 they were married. She was 19 years old then and the couple were a perfect match and continued a fairytale marriage from then on. Oscar Chopin descended from a French-Creole family. He lived on

Only Connect Essays

Only Connect Essays Only Connect Paper Only Connect Paper Essay Topic: Literature The epigraph Only Connect that Forster has given to Howards End is certainly an appropriate one, as the impact of these two words is significant throughout the novel. Forster manages impressively not only to intertwine the lives of the characters, but also integrate the separate divisions of the social spectrum into the world of the novel. Throughout the novel a number of significant connections occur between the various characters. In the portrait of Margaret and Helen Schlegel and in the optimistic ending to the novel, Forster points readers towards a future of harmonious connection between the different elements in the world of the novel. This essay, however will argue that in fact the conflict that is presented in Howards End, outweighs the connections. The protagonist in Howards End who connects with a number of characters is Margaret Schlegel. Margaret is the chief representative of the Schlegel family, which signifies the idealistic, intellectual and cultural aspects of the English upper middle classes. For example, Margaret becomes acquainted with Mrs. Wilcox, a gentle, selfless, loving and strangely omniscient character. In contrast to Margaret, Mrs. Wilcox is clearly not intellectual. Margaret throws a luncheon for the ethereal, selfless Mrs. Wilcox. However, it is clear that Mrs. Wilcox feel uncomfortable amongst the guests. For example, it is made evident that her tastes were simple and her knowledge of culture slight. There was no common topic between Mrs. Wilcox and the guests. Unlike Margaret, Mrs. Wilcox is not interested in Art, Music, Journalism and Literature. Instead, Mrs. Wilcoxs life revolves around her husband and sons. Although Mrs. Wilcox is not a cultured lady, as is Margaret, and despite the failure of the luncheon, they still seem to share spiritual qualities which allow them to connect. This surprising friendship is Forsters attempt to bring the two main families of the novel into a union. He also wishes to bring together the two symbolic ideas that they represent. Mrs. Wilcox is a very different creature from her husband and children, replacing their materialistic hard-headedness with a kind of selfless, loving sensitivity to those around her. The readers recognize that Mrs. Wilcox tends to have an intuitive knowledge of the people around her. Mrs. Wilcox calls this an instinct which may be wrong. As their relationship develops, Mrs. Wilcox attempts to leave her home, Howards End, to Margaret. Although Mrs. Wilcox and Margaret are from different families with contrasting beliefs, they are clearly able to converse well with each other. For example, in Chapter 8 the two characters speak about superstitions. It is apparent that Margaret and Mrs. Wilcox do share some similarities. For instance, Mrs. Wilcox tells her companion about the wych-elm tree in Hertfordshire Margaret tells Mrs. Wilcox that she loves folklore and all festering superstitions. There are obvious parallels between these characters, and this adds to the idea of a future of harmony. Even after the death of Mrs. Wilcox, it seems that her presence still remains within Margaret. A striking incident in which Margaret reveals Mrs. Wilcoxs existence is during her first visit to Howards End. Margaret sees an old woman who was descending, with figure erect and with a face impassive. This woman, Mrs. Avery, mistakes Margaret for being Mrs. Wilcox. Mrs. Avery stated that Margaret had Mrs. Wilcoxs way of walking. Some readers might find this way of expressing the spiritual connection rather unconvincing. For instance, the incident at Howards End, can be thought to be too supernatural sounding. However, Foster is knowingly and wittily asking the reader to stretch their sympathetic connection with Margaret to the extent that they can feel with her, the presence of Mrs. Wilcox. Forster is seducing the reader into accepting something which is irrational and something that would be rejected by commonsense. In Mrs. Wilcox, there is an acceptance of a Margaret-like mentality as opposed to a Henry-like mentality. This supernatural aura is also presented in Chapter 18. Mrs. Wilcox strayed in and out, ever welcome ghost; surveying the scene, thought Margaret, without one hint of bitterness. This suggests that Mrs. Wilcox approved of Margaret and Henry being together. It portrays the spiritual connection between Margaret and Mrs. Wilcox. The most explicit expression of the theme of only connect occurs at the beginning of chapter 22. This is an essential chapter, as it allows the readers to grasp the concept of only connect: Margaret greeted her lord with peculiar tenderness on the morrow. Mature as he was, she might yet be able to help him to the building of the rainbow bridge that should connect the prose in us with passion. Without it we are meaningless fragments, half monks, half beasts, unconnected arches that have never joined into a man. In this chapter, Margarets task in helping Mr. Wilcox to achieve internal harmony is defined: Only Connect! That was that whole of her sermon. Only connect the prose and the passion, and both will be exalted and human love will be seen at its highest. Live in fragments no longer. Only connect, and the beast and monk, robbed of the isolation that is life to either, will die (chapter 22). Margaret has an overall venture throughout the novel to unify the unseen with the seen, and therefore create balance. Yet the greatest challenge to this project comes in the form of her eventual husband, Henry Wilcox. After the death of Mrs. Wilcox, Margaret grows very fond of her husband Henry Wilcox. She wishes to change the male mannerism in his character, of panic and emptiness. Margarets attempt to change Henry can be said to be a noble, heroic aim. Margaret starts to do this when she cultivates Henry. While Margaret never forgot anyone for whom she had once cared; she connected and she hoped that some day Henry might do the same. The well-known critic, FR Leavis rather objects to the plausibility of Margaret and Henrys relationship. I disagree: Forster does attempt to trace the development of Margaret and Henrys courtship. Forster suggests the plausibility of their relationship through the narration about Margarets father. It can be said that Margaret is aware that her fathers characteristics are reflected in Henry. For example, the fact that her father is able to change countries and ideals, relates to Mr. Wilcoxs spontaneous and impulsive qualities. This attracts her enormously to Henry. She admires Henrys male strength and soldier- like quality. It also seems appropriate that Margaret and Henry are both middle-aged, single people. Margaret also sympathises with the fact that Henry is needy without a wife. Her intentions to connect with Henry and make him connect are thus not so poorly motivated as Leavis thinks. However, although we might well sympathise with Margarets aims, it is unlikely that readers of Howards End will feel that Margaret will succeed in changing Henry. Henrys character contrasts enormously with Margarets. He is described as being obtuse, materialistic and money-orientated. The way in which Henry deals with Leonard Bast is definitely contrary to the way in which Margaret deals with him. Henrys association with Leonard conflicts enormously with Margarets beliefs. Henry deals casually with Leonard Bast and does not show any sympathy for him when his employment situation becomes disastrous. It is obvious that Henry does not see a personal connection with Leonard Bast. Henry even forgets who Leonard Bast is, contrary to Margarets aim. Margaret later tries to show Henry that he must forgive Leonard and Helen for their sexual encounter. According to Henry it is wrong to have pre-marital sex. However, he has had extra-marital sex with Jackie Bast, and so if Margaret is willing to forgive him, then surely Margaret feels he should be equally willing to forgive Leonard and Helen. She is suggesting that Henry only utilises one area of his emotions and thought, as he is too arrogant and self-protective to forgive. Henry prefers not to connect, so then he does not have to face the consequences and the reality of his actions. It is a case of ignorance being bliss. While he needed the support from Margaret when he had been exposed, he is unwilling to succour another, and so Margaret is attempting to sever his isolation and halt his detachment from reality. Margaret tells her partner; You shall see the connection if it kills you, Henry! A man who ruins a woman for his pleasure, and casts her off to ruin other men These men are you. You cant recognise them, because you cannot connect. Some readers think that what happens at the end of the novel is that through connecting with Henry, Margaret succeeds in undermining Henrys defences. However, it is rather the indirect influence of Margarets connection of Henry and Charles to the Basts that really brings about Henrys change. Henry eventually must face the discovery that his son, Charles, has caused the death of Leonard Bast, and Charles must serve time in prison. Henry is a broken man, but Margaret undertakes his care. Henry undergoes a breakdown and finally recognises that his values were at fault. His obtuseness and ignorance converts into humbleness and awareness. Henry eventually is reconciled to Helen. She and her illegitimate child join Margaret and Henry at Howards End, where peace and stability are enjoyed. It is here when these connections and reconciliation are imposed to provide a source of hope for harmony in the future. In this ending Forster is clearly trying to portray the possibility of a unified Edwardian England. Forster has earlier prepared for the climactic scene of harmony and connection by his scene of reconciliation between Margaret and Helen, the past sanctifying the present. Foster thus illustrates the restoration of the family unit, and here too attempts to convey an impression of inner-harmony and connection between the characters. The situation of the living circumstances at the end of the novel can be said to present harmony. A harmony is achieved at Howards End, as it is inhabited by Margaret, Henry, Helen and the Bast love child. The Bast child can represent a new connected class, a mixture of bourgeoisie and bohemian upper class. It is the characters aptitude to forgive, and so embrace the other that allows them to connect. This is suggested in the relationships between Margaret and Mrs. Wilcox and Margaret and Helen. However this is a mannerism not possessed by Henry until the end of the novel. This explains the reasons for his narrow-minded treatment of Leonard Bast. Not only do various connections or relationships in Howards End predict a future of harmony, but Forster attempts to convey this impression through the ambience of the novel. The continuity in national life appears clearly in the description of the Dorset Coast at the end of chapter 19. The vision of England as a ship of souls, with all the brave worlds fleet accompanying her towards eternity, is a passage which certainly embodies the ideals of harmony and continuity, untarnished by provinciality or jingoism. Forsters use of tone and visionary language positively creates an atmosphere of peace and harmony. A number of ideas in the book are shaped under a Romantic belief that internal order can occur through love, thus attempting to represent the notion of a reconciliation of opposites, through Romantic tendencies. For example, the Romantic idea of the healing and comforting powers of nature is conveyed through Leonards walk. In chapter fourteen, Leonard tells the Schlegel sisters of his connection with nature. The conversation between Leonard and the sisters is clearly enlightening. The characters are all involved in a situation which interests them. The sisters encourage the conversation with phrases such as Yes, go on. Their curiosity is evident when Margaret asks Yes, but the wood. This ere wood. How did you get out of it? However, the love connection between Margaret and Henry, is not truly believable. For example, nowhere in the book is true love really moulded, but instead love based upon the desire to improve and to belong. This is portrayed through their marriage, which seems to occur out of convenience. It is in fact the conflict between the characters which seem more realistic, thus Margaret and Helen separate through conflicts between the families. Henry Wilcox is disgusted when discovering that Helen has fallen pregnant. He does not wish to have a fallen girl staying at Howards End and he does not deny this to Margaret. Henry informs his son, Charles of the situation. In Chapter 39 Charles immediately consults Tibby Schlegel, Helens younger brother. Tibby admits that it was Leonard Bast who would be the father of Helens baby. The Wilcoxes anger leads to the death of Leonard Bast. This incident indubitably predicts a future of conflict The ending of the novel, Forsters attempt to redeem the possibility of connection, is in fact unbelievable and implausible. The final situation in Howards End presents an unrealistic harmony. Forster has made an ending that is too rushed and too optimistic. Readers will question whether it is truly possible for Helen to live beside Mr. Wilcox. It is because of the Wilcox family that Helens lover is now dead. Her baby will have to be raised as a bastard, because there will be no chance of them getting married. It is unrealistic that Helen would forgive the Wilcox family for allowing what happened to Leonard Bast. Leonard will not be able to be a representative of the Bast family. It is likely that Helen will always hold some sort of abhorrence for the Wilcoxes because of her lovers death. It is almost impossible to see that the Bast child will live contentedly beside the Wilcox family, knowing that they are the reason that he is a bastard. The readers also see no sign of Jacky Bast at the end of the novel. Surely it is not credible that Forster has not included this important figure in the end of his novel? The impression of an incurable gender conflict between Henry and the Schlegel sisters is emphasised all the more in the other characters. In fact, Forster portrays almost all the male characters in his novel negatively. The men are possessive and chauvinistic characters made of panic and emptiness as suggested by Margarets sister Helen. Chapter 25 contains a scene in which the clear conflict between men and women is portrayed. Margaret is determined to go back to the place where the car she was travelling in was thought to have hit a dog. Margaret exclaims Do please stop! I want to go back, please. However, Charles took no notice. The other characters told Margaret that The men are there, The men will see to it. This reaction emphasizes how it was commonly thought that the men should take care of all important business and that the women should merely submit to them and do what they are told. After the demanding way that Charles and Mr. Wilcox act toward the women, the narration includes Ladies sheltering behind men, men sheltering behind servants-the whole systems wrong, and she must challenge it. On page 214, Charles speaks of the incident that occurred. He states Miss. Schlegel had lost her mind, as any woman might. The male dominating character underlines his stereotypical view of women as he speaks of them as being over dramatic and foolish. Despite Forsters optimistic ending, scenes like this strongly suggest that the gender differences in the early twentieth century, are likely to cause a future of conflict and disagreement. Forsters vivid and emphatic presentation of the differences within the families, very much goes against the possibility of harmony. He places a large emphasis on the difficulty in connecting due to the families different backgrounds. For example, the pragmatic Wilcox family are materialistic and very much money-orientated. They represent the solid English work ethic and conventional social morality. They are involved greatly in the business environment. On the other hand, the idealistic Schlegel family are more spiritual and cultured. The upper class family appreciate Edwardian culture such as the Arts and literature and music. The Basts, headed by a lower-middle class insurance clerk are impoverished. Leonard Bast desperately hopes that books will save him from social and economic desolation. Their differences in interests present a huge and eventually immovable obstacle in connecting with each other. Moreover, Forster does not deal with people across the whole social spectrum in his novel. If only connect is going to be associated with England, then it is unfair to make a prediction of the future of England upon reading Howards End. Forster does not look upon the whole of England. He avoids looking at people of great wealth such as aristocrats and upper class, and although he includes Leonard Bast, he does not look at the vast numbers of the working class people at all. When reading Howards End, readers are aware of the conflicts and connections between the families. Through many relationships within the novel, people are able to connect and share interests. They are also able to share ideas and beliefs with one another. However, apart from these, too many disagreements occur. These broad fault-lines between groups of people are very evident in the novel, and Forster does little to persuade us they can be healed. They are crystallised in the situation between Henry and Margaret. It is clear that Henry is afraid of emotion. His motto is concentrate, while Margarets is only connect. This difference in attitudes creates an irreconcilable tension in the novel. They are very different people who represent extremely different ideas. The difference between concentrating and only connecting is the difference between Margaret and Henry; it is the difference between the Schlegels and the Wilcoxes, and the primary conflict in Howards End. Through this argument, it can be concluded that the sense of conflict outweighs the attempt to present the Schlegels, Wilcoxes and Basts as connected. Forster is very much similar to the way that Margaret thinks. Forster tends to be biased towards Margarets ideas and beliefs. It can be said that Forster and Margaret share the same aphorism; Only Connect. Although Margaret encourages connection, the hope for harmony seems doubtful. The attempted connections prove unsuccessful. Most significantly, the connection between Leonard Bast and the Schlegels, finally results in his death and Forsters contrived and sketchy harmonious conclusion cannot rescue the argument. Rather what is stressed is the divided nature of Edwardian England and a future of conflict. Bibliography utm.edu/~lalexand/brnovel/forster.html musicandmeaning.com/forster/

Feminist Thinking Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feminist Thinking Theory - Essay Example Added to that, U.S. Department of Justice (2000) reported that, around 1.8 million women are being raped and/or assaulted physically by an intimate partner, (statistics not accounting the incidences of psychological abuse). Common reasons for this adversity on domestic violence as discussed by the National Women's Health Resource Center (2009; par 8) often take place as a pattern of behavior or the so called, cycle of violence involving the abuser, the victim and the repeat cycle of violence. The abuser may threaten the victim as the victim works hard to keep the abuser calm; stand on her own belief that, violent incidents can be prevented despite several failures of attempting to fix it which then result to threats or danger of victim's life. The abuser, after the violent incidences, may apologize to the victim and promise not to repeat. As expected, the cycle of violence will again set in motion.

Consumer and industry trends in the pub industry Essay

Consumer and industry trends in the pub industry - Essay Example strongly about that." Ted Tuppen, chief executive of Enterprise Inns, which owns more than 8,000 tenanted pubs, has advocated for separate smoking rooms in pubs. He pointed out that the huge numbers of rural pubs provide a great service for their local community by providing a bit of food and a bit of booze. He said the proportion of liquor-led pubs likely to qualify for the exemption was higher in less affluent parts of the country, suggesting the bill would lead to a widening in the health gap between rich and poor regions of England. A second exemption for 20,000 private members' clubs only emphasized the disparity between rich and poor pub goers. Only Punch Taverns which has 8,000 pubs operates as non-food pubs, catering to smokers. Most pub group's profits from cigarette machines are negligible, though the proportion of pub-goers who smoke is estimated to be 45% to 50% which is twice the national average.Within the UK market, key regional and smaller local breweries are in fact enjoying volume and value growth of two per cent. This is the finding of a recent report commissioned by some of the UK's leading regional breweries; Everards, Marstons, Adnams, Greene King, Wells & Youngs, Fullers and Caledonian. After a decade of British pubs being turned into trendy, continental style bars, consumers are seeking out the more traditional pub where they can order a real pint of English ale. A number of factors and initiatives from the breweries are contributing to the return of the 'pie and a pint' type of pub experience. As well as providing smoking solutions or shelters, licensees and breweries have endeavoured to make their pubs places where more people will want to go to spend their leisure time. These include post ban re-decoration and refurbishment, 'deep... Consumer and industry trends in the pub industry Within the UK market, key regional and smaller local breweries are in fact enjoying volume and value growth of two per cent. This is the finding of a recent report commissioned by some of the UK's leading regional breweries; Everards, Marstons, Adnams, Greene King, Wells & Youngs, Fullers and Caledonian. After a decade of British pubs being turned into trendy, continental-style bars, consumers are seeking out the more traditional pub where they can order a real pint of English ale. A number of factors and initiatives from the breweries are contributing to the return of the 'pie and a pint' type of pub experience. As well as providing smoking solutions or shelters, licensees and breweries have endeavoured to make their pubs places where more people will want to go to spend their leisure time. These include post ban re-decoration and refurbishment, 'deep cleaning' of the pub's soft furnishings, improving and upgrading menus and provision of coffee and tea at the bar. The smoke-free lif e style has brought several groups of people back to the pub. For example with the 35+ age group, are now returning to the pub to enjoy food and drink in a clean, fresh and healthier environment. The pub can have a set theme every month which should be shown in the website, decoration, signage and clothing of the pub staff. During holidays, the pub can put up the appropriate decorations around the venue. The monthly special features can also be related to the set themes.

The case for contamination Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The case for contamination Report - Essay Example Religion will act as an avenue through which individuals will be exposed to external media while they uphold their cultural values. This will ensure cultural values and traditions do not get eroded as globalization continues in the entire world. An example in the essay regarding how religion will ensure cultural values are not eroded is seen in the case of Sipho, who is a very religious person. Sipho grew up in a very traditional society and he is deeply rooted to his cultures. He has, however, experienced the impacts of globalization which has helped him learn various aspects of the way of life of individuals who have different cultures. Sipho has watched television programs and he was greatly influenced by ‘Days of our Lives’. The program changed his perception regarding certain views. He, however, did not agree with certain aspects in the show as they were not acceptable according to his culture (Appiah, 4). Religion is also believed to contribute negatively to globalization by eroding cultural values of individuals. Globalization will ensure individuals adopt the western cultures which are not acceptable according to traditional cultural values. The economy will also be greatly affected since globalization will bring about new goods, such as western clothes. Individuals may, therefore, abandon wearing the religion traditional attire as they prefer to wear cheap western clothing. Preservationists believe role of religion in the process of globalization is detrimental as it will cause great impact on the culture, as well as economy of a nation. Religion plays a huge a role in forming the world views of most individuals. People attain their basic morals and values from religious teachings and this has a great influence on their ideas on what is acceptable or not acceptable within the society. Religion ensures

Effects of Radio as a Form of Advertising

Effects of Radio as a Form of Advertising Radio Advertising Executive Summary Advertising in general expresses the positioning. Powerful advertising is the result of powerful planning. Great ideas and great ad campaigns dont just pop out from no where, they are built on the key communication points that motivate sales. Radio is entirely a medium of sound, which evokes smells, sensations and visual images which brings the listeners imaginations into play. Radio advertising is one of the tools of advertising which is effectively used for communication and positioning. It is one of the foundations for effective and successful advertising. Radio can be used effectively for advertisement since it can target the large audience because of its high reach. Radio is good at increasing awareness about the brand and business and helping in building the brand image. But all this was only for pure academic purpose. With the advent of television radio lost its popularity and thus its purpose with the marketers. This led to sharp declines in the proportion of advertisement spending on radio as compared to other media. But then came the governments order on liberalization and privatization. This brought about loads of changes in the world of radio broadcasting in India. Prominent and established companies entered the business of FM Broadcasting. FM broadcasting has breathed a new life into the medium of Radio in the past few months. Could radio now think this as a new phase of its life or a re-birth? Of course yes, people are today talking only Radio- Radio Mirchi, Radio City, RED, Go and WIN. One will find people with radio sets of different shapes and sizes listening to their favourite music on roads, in hotels, even the bidi shops aired on any of the music channels. The radio channels are now vying against each other to provide their best to the listeners However one can see that although radio is an excellent medium it has been used to its full potential and various efforts should be taken to improve it as with proper direction radio can reach heights as it is the cheapest and a very good medium. Objective Through this project my objective has been to understand the following To find out about the current scenario of the radio industry. The reasons for a stunted growth of the industry The various steps in radio advertisement Realizing the needs and wants of consumers and fulfilling them What the various radio stations have to offer the masses. Research Methodology Through this project I have made an effort to understand the advertisng tool called radio advertising which is being increasingly recognized by marketers as a powerful tool that helps in finding new customers and retaining the existing ones at a much lesser cost. Primary Research: The aim of primary research was to understand radio advertising as it is seen in the corporate world. To understand this I have taken two interview from different fields. Mr. Madhav Joshi who is currently working in Leo Burnett who helped me understand what all goes into the making of a radio advertisement. The mode of interview used was an informal one where he answered my questions on one to one basis. Also Mr. Sudarshan Sahe the senior marketing manager of Radio City gave me an interview and helped me in trying to understand as to how the station works and looks after the needs of its consumers Secondary Research The aim of secondary research was to understand as to why radio advertising has been able to grow at a considerable rate as compared to the other media.also the fall out of radio in the last decade . It was also undertaken to understand how radio advertising is done and what re the current players in the market. Secondary data collection method: desk research Secondary data collection sources: internet, books, newspaper articles Introduction Old media dont die! They just bounce back in new avatars. Not so long ago radio had been written off as fuddy-duddy, down market and not so cool. Television and later â€Å"new media† were touted to being the media of the future. But thanks to technology radio is making a comeback. In fact, in its new avatar-fm-radio is all set too become the hippest, coolest and most with -it medium. FM radio is a new entity altogether and has to deal with new market dynamics. Media owners dealing with new markets will virtually have to draw up their strategies as they go along, create programming that is new, innovative and grab away eyeballs from TV sets and make them tune into their radio sets. Its a whole new challenge and competition is never far away. Ad revenues will also not be easy to come by, as advertisers will expect media players to put their money where their speakers are before they commit large sums of money towards radio advertising. The other challenge for radio in attracting advertisers is the nature of the medium-radio has always considered being a reminder medium. The involvement of listeners to radio is low, Vis a Vis television or print media. However in spite of the various challenges the emergence of private FM stations is certain to increase the quantum of radio advertising in the country , much like satellite channels did to the quantum of television advertising in the country. That should open up a vast new market of consumers-100 million Indian households own an estimated 150 million radios, outnumbering television sets 3:1. The geographical area covered by radio in India in India is as high as 98 percent and the penetration level is approximately 97 percent. But FM presently covers only 17 percent of the area and 21 % of the population of India through transmitters. Currently radio has just 2 percent of the 9000 crore Indian advertising market according to an Arthur Andersons survey. Globally depending on each country, radio has a 5 % to 12 % of the advertising cake. On the higher side are countries like the United States with 13 %, Canada with 12.7% and Spain with 9.1%. FM station executives are not forthcoming on multi-platform strategies as yet. Given that radio has penetrated into 100 million homes and a FM set costs around Rs. 50/- FICCI estimates FMs share up from the present 1.5 percent to 5 % in five years. They have also forecasted that revenues from radio advertising in India will be Rs. Rs. 1200 crores by 2005 and Revenue of radio services is expected to rise to Rs 689 crore by 2008 at a CAGR of 30 per cent. While TV is a family medium, radio is personalized. Also advertising of certain product seems to work very well while some might not. For example, cellular phone service or auto related products would have a good impact when advertised on radio is primarily known as a â€Å"drive time† medium most people who turn in are doing so while commuting. Thus the potential if FM is better is bigger town, as the car population is much bigger. This would be the key when evaluating the medium. Also one must not forgot that radio continues to be a medium that has tremendous reach among the poor and marginalized sections of society. With the coming of more channels, and the emergence of lifestyle advertising, radio will become a push and pull medium. As said earlier, is not just making a comeback but is being reincarnated into a new avatar. Some Basic Technical Knowledge Any radio setup has two parts: * The transmitter * The receiver The transmitter takes some sort of message (it could be the sound of someones voice, pictures for a TV set, data for a radio modem or whatever), encodes it onto a sine wave and transmits it with radio waves. The receiver receives the radio waves and decodes the message from the sine wave it receives. Both the transmitter and receiver use antennas to radiate and capture the radio signal. When you listen to a radio station and the announcer says, you are listening to 91.5 fm â€Å"what the announcer means is that you are listening to a radio station broadcasting an fm radio signal at a frequency of 91.5 megahertz. Megahertz means millions of cycles per second, so 91.5 megahertz means that the transmitter at the radio station is operating at a frequency of 91,500,000 cycles per second. Your fm (frequency modulated) radio can tune in to that specific frequency and give you clear reception of that station. All fm radio stations transmit in a band of frequencies between 88 megahertz and 108 megahertz. This band of the radio spectrum is used for no other purpose but fm radio broadcasts. Common frequency band includes the following†¦ * AM radio 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz * FM radio 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz AM radio has been around a lot longer than FM radio. The first radio broadcasts occurred in 1906 or so, and frequency allocation for AM radio occurred during the 1920s. In the 1920s, radio and electronic capabilities were fairly limited, hence the relatively low frequencies for AM radio. FM radio was invented by a man named Edwin Armstrong in order to make high-fidelity (and static-free) music broadcasting possible. He built the first station in 1939, but FM did not become really popular until the 1960s. Royalties FM is primarily a music channel, so the question of royalties is relevant. The Indian Protographic Record Society (IPRS) and Phonographic Performance (P) Ltd. (PPL) are supposed to hold all the rights of royalties. They are demanding Rs. 1,500 per hour (as against Rs. 100 per hour, at which they are supplying music to AIR), PPL is demanding a royalty of Rs. 250 per hour of needle time, the actual duration of a piece of music. The IPRS is demanding Rs. 100 per hour. The IPRS claims royalty for the original composers and authors of music. Cost Aspect A Licencee pays Rs. 6000/- per hour. Add Rs. 1,500/- for the music. Add Rs. 3,000/- for the technology, salaries and other expenses. An hour long show thus costs Rs. 10,500. 10 Minutes have been set aside for advertising. One minute is reserved out of 10 minutes for social awareness advertising. Thus, advertising time available for sale is 9 minutes. In other words, 18 advertisements each of 30 seconds can be accommodate in an hour. This is the high target. Besides the tariff card should be modest, considering the limited range and listenership supposing a 30 seconder costs Rs. 500 at prime time for 18 such spots, the total revenue generated is Rs. 9000/- . Another estimate puts the production cost of an hour long programme around Rs. 6,000/-. Add Rs. 6,000/- of the licensee fee to AIR. Studio hiring costs are between Rs. 500 Rs. 1000 an hour. The total expenses are thus Rs. 12,500 to Rs. 13,000 per hour. Advent of Format Radio The arrival of Moving Pictures with sound and then Television were expected to be the death knell for Radio. However Radio has not just survived repeated predictions of its demise but grown tremendously. It has benefited listeners and advertisers alike and earned the status of a Constant Companion What allowed Radio to accomplish this feat? Read on for the long journey the Radio industry has covered thus far. It was way back in 1895, that Guglielmo Marconi invented an antenna to send and receive radio signals. It took quite a while before Reginald Fessenden developed the first radio receiver in 1913. However, experts give a lot of credit to David Sarnoff who actually conceived what is called as the radio music box. It was Sarnoff who suggested that radio should be mass-produced for public consumption. His persistence paid off in 1919 when such sets were available for general purchase. This saw the beginning of what was later looked on as the Golden Age of Radio. Early 1920s saw the launch of commercial radio. People in households would gather around the radio to listen to their favorite programs much as they do today with TV. Radio became the first medium delivering entertainment to the masses in their homes. The 1st paid announcement on radio was a 10-minute capsule from Howthorne Court; a Queens based Real Estate Company. This era was characterized with block programming wherein radio offered something to everyone. News, drama, sports; live musical recordings would be presented in 30 or 60-minute programs. A network soap opera could be followed by a 15-minute newscast followed by one hour of a concert. Then in the 1950s TV began to catch the publics attention. Audiences were charmed by the audiovisual experience of TV. A large number of popular shows moved from radio to TV. That was not all, as the radio industry was also losing a large number of talented staff to TV. At this point in time, radio experts discovered an opportunity that only radio could provide. They realized that radio was the only medium that could be used while doing other things, like getting dressed for work, cooking a meal, traveling to office, studying and more. Radio turned local and moved to what is known in the industry as Format programming. This era also spawned two of radios greatest strengths: immediacy and local service. Format radio strategy was based on providing the same kind of entertainment to a selected audience, throughout the day, seven days a week. As the story goes, Storz and McClendon used to frequent a local malt shop, which had a jukebox. They observed that the customers would usually come and play the same songs that they liked, over and over again. In fact, the staff serving these people would end up playing just the same songs even when the shop was closed.From this insight emerged the Top 40 format or the Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format were the most popular hits would be played on a higher rotation. This led to a change in the way radio time was being sold. Sales people shifted from selling programs to selling commercials. It also led to a shift in the way radio programs were scheduled. As radio was being used as a background medium of entertainment, it had to be relevant to the listener at every point of time in the day. The shows therefore had to be reflective of various day parts in the life of the listener. Irrespective of the form it came in, format radio definitely made radio not just survive the onslaught of TV but also made it grow tremendously. Being the only medium that could be carried and used wherever you are, it could update you about your world throughout the day while providing you with the entertainment you like all the time. Radio became The Constant Companion. The total number of radio sets at the time of independence in 1947 was a mere 275000.at that time a radio receiver used to be a status symbol in this country. But today its possession is taken for granted. According to estimates, there are radio sets in about 105 million households in the country. History of Indian Radio For more than 4 decades, the Government of India did not permit private radio stations to broadcast in India. Then history changed its course. In 1993, the Government allowed private FM operators to buy blocks (chunks) on All India Radio, prepare programming content, book commercials from advertisers and broadcast the whole lot. Within 4 years, (1997-98), the FM Radio advertising and sponsorship business grew to Rs. 93 crores with Times of Indias Times FM Mid-Day Groups Radio Mid-Day becoming the main players. Then, in June 1998 the Government, through its electronic media regulatory body Prasar Bharti, decided not to renew contracts of private FM operators.Not surprisingly, the advertising revenue fell by 50% within a year! This time, the Government gave the green light to privatize radio in India. July 6, 1999 was the historic day when the Government announced that 150 new FM channels would be licensed across 40 cities. And in 2000, the Government auctioned licenses for private FM channels to bolster the revenue. And the focus on metros was evident in the bidding. Expecting to collect Rs 800 million from auctioning 108 licenses, the government had to actually face mass withdrawal of bidders because of the huge license fee. A handful of serious bidders chose to remain. In response to the Governments offer, many companies bid for the licenses to operate in key markets. But the going was not so easy. Many gave up, unable to shell out the high license fee. For instance, the bidding price for the Mumbai license was reportedly to the tune of Rs 9.75 crore. Others dropped out saying the business was not viable. So, in effect, the competition shrank, players consolidated and the Government extended its deadline. Today, there are roughly 10 players who will operate approximately in 37 cities across the country. The government collected close to Rs 4.6 billion as license fee for the privately run FM radio channels in 40 cities. New Media Broadcasting, a Zee Group company, which focused mainly on the smaller towns, won the largest number of bids. The first round of bidding for 76 channels in 26 cities, garnered close to Rs 3.5 billion. The government got the highest bids Rs 97.5 million from each of 10 broadcast companies for stations in Mumbai. Interestingly, the bids for Hyderabad and Nagpur came next, each for Rs 77.2 million and Rs 74 million, respectively, while the bids for Delhi were Rs 71.2 million each Radio is expected to follow the growth of the Television industry, which grew rapidly following the entry of private players Currently, FM coverage in India is restricted to just 17% of the country, compared to 89% of All India Radio (AIR). Players in Different Centers Company Location of Centers Number of Centers Bid amount for first years license (Rs. crore) Entertainment Network [India] Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneshwar, Cuttack, Hyderabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Lucknow, Pune 12 43.87 Hitz FM Calcutta 1 1.00 India FM Calcutta 1 1.00 Living Media Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta 3 17.87 Mid Day Broadcasting Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai 3 20.17 Millennium Broadcasting Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai 3 20.17 Music Broadcasting Delhi, Mumbai, Nagpur, Bangalore, Patna, Lucknow 6 41.37 Sumangali Publications Sun TV Chennai, Coimbatore, Tirunalveli 3 9.87 Vertex Broadcasting Calcutta, Indore, Bhopal, Vishakapatnam 4 2.90 Udaya TV Sun TV Vishakapatnam 1 0.50 Incidentally, Music Broadcasting became the first firm in India to commence private FM broadcast from Bangalore in July. Licence Fee and revenue sharing model Currently, FM players pay annual licence fees, which go up by 15 per cent every year. Private FM radio sector would shift to a revenue-sharing model from the existing licence fee regime. However, revenue-sharing also exists in the media sector. The objective is to â€Å"make FM radio a success story†. Its better to keep the revenue-sharing low than to have a failed project. There has been debate on whether to recommend a revenue-sharing structure or a fixed amount for a period of 10 years; it is firm on revenue-sharing now. Revenue-sharing will follow payment of a one-time entry fee through a process of bidding. Revenue-sharing is quite low at around 4 %. While the private FM players had sought revenue-sharing in the band of 2-2.5 per cent, the panel has fixed it at 4 per cent. Setting up new radio stations After the second round of privatization, the number of FM radio stations targeted is around 300 to 400. The panel also suggested that players wanting to enter the sector in the second round of licensing need to have a technical viability clearance by a financial institution on the financial viability of the project. It has also recommended to the government to release additional spectrum for the use of FM radio companies so that the number of companies operating in one centre can go up. Future of Radio Industry FM Radio can play its part in building a stronger business future for India. Providing free-to-air local broadcasts of music and entertainment, helpful information traffic advisories, community announcements and public service messages provide a real value-added service. But at current levels of advertising support, each radio station is reeling under the brutal financial impact of high costs. With more players in the fray the FM radio industry would grow and also enhance the governments yield from licensing radio naturally. The new India deserves an active private FM radio sector. It can provide a level playing field with benefits for listeners, for advertisers, employment career options. Spearhead the government objective of growing the FM radio business in India. With the government ready to reduce the license fees it will help in attractingnew palyers like reliance which had earlier backed out only due to the entry fees.also government allowing foreign players to enter he Indian market it will help the industry grow. Virgin group has already started exploring the Indian market for suitable partners. various radio stations are coming up with IPO for example Radio Mirchi thus helping them expand. The future looks bright as the reach of radio is expected to raise post the increase in the number and quality of players in the industry. It is on the basis of these key drivers of growth, it is being predicted that radios share in the total advertising pie will see an increase in the medium term. There are an estimated 150 million radio sets across the country. The Rs 1.6 billion industry is reported to be growing by 31 per cent every year and should touch the Rs 6.2 billion by 2007, with revenue rising at 23 per cent annually. Also, though radio has only a 2 per cent share in the Rs 6,000 crore Indian advertising market, advertising spending is expected to amount to Rs 500 crore this year. SWOT Analysis Strengths: * Recently, the government has agreed upon revenue-sharing model, which is 4 % for the growth of the radio stations. So that they can develop themselves well because this industry is still in an introduction stage. * The success of private FM stations, and reveals that radio listenership habits have changed considerably; not only are listeners tuning into it more often but also sticking to radio for longer hours everyday. * The advertisers, who would depend on word-of-mouth, pamphlets, brochures or ads in local supplements of newspapers, are welcoming the opportunity. * Radio is considered as a background medium, because people can listen to radio anytime and anywhere they want. It is also a free medium. * 90% of India has access to radio which is unmatched by any other media. * Radio also reaches to uneducated village folk who do not read print publications. At the places where the literacy rates are low where people hardly read newspapers and radio is the only medium that they can understand. They cant afford a TV set. Therefore radio is more popular. * Radio is the least cost medium and it helps to reach mass audience with various backgrounds. Radio offers its reach frequency and selectivity at one of the lowest costs per thousand and radio production is relatively inexpensive. * Radio is considered as a medium where the â€Å"Proximity to purchase† is very high. * Radio is a complement to another media. Therefore, other media or the advertisers or agency can use this medium for brand recall. Weakness: * One of the major weaknesses of Radio is that there is very less differentiation in the programmes that are aired. Most of the stations plays much of the music that is played consist of Hindi Film songs, and therefore it is difficult to differentiate between the programmes of the different channels. * Fragmented Audience the large number of the audience in India is fragmented in various remote places. And therefore, the percentage of listener tuned to anyone station is likely very small. * No proper research available research is very important for any advertising segment. Research is the main base to attract client and get more revenue. But, in India there is no proper research is available. Many stations are conducting their own research which can be biased. * Radio-only nature of radio communication is a tremendous creative compromise. An advertiser whose product depends on demonstration or visual impact is at a loss when it comes to radio. And like its radio message creates a fleeting impression that is often gone in an instant. Many advertisers think that without strong visual brand identification the medium can play little or no role in their advertising plans. * Increase in listenership numbers but no increase in ad revenue. This is the situation that every radio channel is facing. * Short commercials Opportunities: * Getting copyright licenses from the government for running mega events which are aired on the AIR radio station and have been restricted to be aired on other private stations. * Launching a radio station with 24-hour news channel * Tie-ups with BEST or railway authority for playing the FM in train and in bus. * The launch of Private Radio FM has managed to create a set of ‘New Listeners for the medium * The new radio stations which will come in future they can have venture with the college or university campuses. And can play their station which will exclusively provide with the information relating to that university/college campus. * With the coming of the many more new players in the radio industry each channels can position themselves quite different from others, like, if some station is targeting the health conscious people then their programming strategy will vary accordingly. And then it is easier for the advertisers also to decide on which channel to advertise. * Allowing private FM players to start news and current affairs programmes. * One has to constantly innovate, and that is the challenge. Brand building is thus much more difficult. At the same time, we are very bullish, and gung-ho about this whole enterprise. * Leaves huge scope for innovation in local market Threats: * The biggest threat to private radio industry players is ALL INDIA RADIO. AIR is the biggest player in India because of its reach, low charges, government channel etc†¦ * Because of the new government policies there will be more number of stations and then competition will also increase. This is one of the biggest threats it faces. With no particular differentiation in the music. So, there is a fear of losing its brand loyalty. Advertising in India India has been among the fastest growing economies in the world, with a nominal GDP CAGR of 9.94% over the last 10 years (1995-2005). The nominal GDP for fiscal 2005 was Rs. 30,636 billion. According to CSO estimates nominal GDP growth for fiscal 2006 is estimated at 10.9%. There is a correlation between the economic growth rates of a country i.e. the nominal GDP growth rate, and growth rates of the advertising industry The Indian advertising spends, as a percentage of GDP, is 0.34%, which lags behind other developed and developing countries During fiscal 2005, the gross advertising spend in India is estimated at Rs 111 billion, and is expected to grow at 14.2% to reach Rs. 127 billion by fiscal 2006 Segmentation in advertising The five key industry segments comprise print, television, radio, cinema, and outdoor. These different segments within the industry are at varying stages of growth and corporatization Media Spends as % of Total Ad Spend Year Print TV Radio Cinema Outdoor Internet 2000 49.0% 39.3% 2.5% 0.5% 8.4% 0.3% 2001 48.4% 40.6% 2.7% 0.4% 7.5% 0.4% 2002 47.2% 41.9% 2.9% 0.7% 7.0% 0.4% 2003 46.6% 43.0% 2.9% 0.7% 6.5% 0.4% 2004 46.3% 43.7% 2.9% 0.6% 6.0% 0.3% The Indian television industry has grown rapidly, especially since 1991, which saw the beginning of satellite broadcasting in India. This growth was also aided by the economic liberalization program of the Government. The growth of the satellite television audience saw proliferation of a number of satellite television channels offering more choices to media buyers and consumers of entertainment. Thus, the television broadcasting business, which started off as a single government controlled television channel, now has over 300 channels covering the Indian footprint, resulting in growing ad spends on this medium. Reforms and proliferation of private players were the key reasons for this rapid growth of the share of television in the advertising industry. Radio Advertising Radio is still the king when it comes to getting your music. The best way for a new band to get heard by the public and record label executions is over the airwaves. Paradoxically, radio currently has only a 2.9 per cent share of the total advertising pie in India. Globally, depending on country, radio has a 5 per cent to 12 per cent share of the advertising cake. On the higher side are countries like the United States, with 13 per cent, Canada, with 12.7 per cent and Spain, with 9.1 per cent. Companies that advertise on FM channels today such as Hindustan Lever (HLL), Dr Morepen, Amul, Castrol, Santro, Britannia, Parle, DSP Merrill Lynch etc are dominating the advertising on each one of the FM channels, be it Radio Mirchi, Go 92.5 Red 93.5 or Radio City. Today, 70 per cent of the advertising comes from big-budget, national advertisers and the balance 30 per cent comes from retail. It is a known fact that retail advertising will grow because radio presents the perfect advertising medium for local businesses in a local environment. But national advertisers are also operational in the local market, implying that it is as important to them as it is to a retail advertiser, if not more. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that radio can be integral in exposing a new artist, new product or services to new fans and taking a local market to a national level. Accordingly, it is extremely difficult to obtain meaningful airplay. Putting it bluntly, successful radio promotion revolves around making and managing relationships. Radio promotion is an art that demands a certain style you may simply neither have nor desire to cultivate. On top of that, it can take a great deal of time to make all the contacts and connections that are required for successful radio promotion. Advertising agencies that control the national picture will be slow to move on to radio for creative reasons. They have people who love to make television commercials, but dont have anybody who knows how radio works. Here, only about 2.9 per cent of the money spent by advertisers goes to radio, and up till now, all of that went to ALL INDIA RADIO. However, in revenue terms, money from advertising has gone up. Revenue from commercials on AIR, including on Vividh Bharti and Primary Channel (including FM) rose from Rs 393 million in 1990, to Rs 808.4 million in 2000, Rs. 600 crores in 2002, representing a growth of about 7.5 per cent per annum.

Self-Concept Essay -- Self Concept

The Self-Concept is a complicated process of gaining self-awareness. It consists of mental images an individual has of oneself: physical appearance, health, accomplishments, skills, social talents, roles, intellectual traits, and emotional states and more –all make up our self-concept.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The development process begins at about six or seven months of age. The child begins to recognize â€Å"self† as distinct from surroundings. They stare at anything they see, including their own body parts; hands, feet, toes, and fingers. As they grow, their sense of identity expands through interactions with others –creating self-esteem levels that become the â€Å"booster† for the ability to interact. There are two theories that describe how interactions shape our self-views. One defines perceptions of the judgments of others called Reflected Appraisal. It is the notion of receiving supportive and nonsupportive messages. It states that positive appreciation and a high level of self-value is gain when supportive messages are received. In contrast, receiving nonsupportive messages leads to feeling less valuable, lovable, and capable. Everyone that you and I interact with influences these self-evaluations. Either from your past or from present –all shapes how you view yourself, especially from our significant others. The strength of messages from significant others become stronger and eventually affect the health, when they are nonsupportive; depression, for instance, leads to less physical activities that are necessary for a healthy body. However, the foremost important influences are our parents. Supportive parents raise children with healthy self-concepts. While nonsupporti ve parents raise an unhappy child who view his/her self in negative ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other theory defines evaluation of ourselves in terms of how we compare with others, called Social Comparison. There are two types, superior or inferior comparison and same as or different from others. We compare by attractiveness, success or failures, intelligence, and it all depends on whom we are comparing ourselves with. For instance, an individual might feel inferior when compared with an inappropriate reference group. Therefore, he or she might feel inferior because she feels less of everything from the reference. Similarly, the opposite occurs when compared with an appropriate reference group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, we a... ... behavior. This means that self-awareness must also come into play. I will have to be concerned about the way I present my ideas, as well as my behavior; otherwise, it will be perceived negatively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So far, my self-concept has changed positively and in time, it will improve (optimists). The only difficulty that I have been facing is the ability to defend myself against negative comments from others. Because of my thinking process speed, it takes time for me to acquire comments and how to say them immediately. In addition, I found that it is not necessary to give a response back to negative comments in order to defend yourself, except in courtrooms. Nonverbal expressions are also as powerful. For example, ignoring critical comments create a serious climate between you and the speaker –sending a message that the comment was unnecessary and offensive. But in some cases, verbal messages are necessary, such as that in debates over issues. In conclusion, I would have to say that what has been written are only a scratch on a big surface of interpersonal communication skills that I have learned from this class. This concept just happened to be the most important for improvement.

Filipino Social Acceptance

Adrian Carl C. Flores Dorm: matapat Age : 16 Sex : Male Birth Date : September 30,1993 Address : Kapuong 1993 kapilya, Tondo Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Delivery Boy Date of Admission : December. 22, 2011 Date Administered Test : February 7, 2013 Case : Frustrated murderSocial Worker : Mam Shiena I. General Observation The subject wears Sando,Black Short . He is in fair complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he was some mole in his neck . Among the 4 siblings. He is the youngest. At the very young age her mother left them and the only one that will take care of them is her father. But later on her father died so that no one will lead them to make good decision making. The absence of his parents is one of the factor that will lead him to do undesirable things in life. The subject while talking the test was quit.But when he saw some of her dormate he talk even though I am in front of him. And hesitant especially in drawing because he claime d that he does not know how to draw perfectly. On the other hand he was able to draw as much as he could. I. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12 II. The result and interpretation DAP The test showed his tendencies of being suspicious to other people. He suffers from oral aggression . He has a problem to control his anger. He has sexual conflict and conflict about his body. SACH SENTENCEBased on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his parent. He wishes the presence of his parent. He has a mild difficulty in accepting challenges in her life. He has difficulty at work . he feels rejected and isolated but he tried to be optimistic. BENDER The test revealed that the subject is emotionally disturbed maybe because of the quickly losing her parents. There is an evident anxiety and difficulty toward her interpersonal relationship. He tried to be socially accepted but his suspicious surface take place when he is in conflct. RAVENS PROGRESSIVERaw Score : 40 Percentile : 25% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to Deny persistent feeling of guilt and insecurity. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolationt hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong decision making.Jason Ubina Dorm: Reception Age : 16 Sex : Male Birth Date : November 19,1996 Address : 1464 Ilang –Ilang St. Pandacan Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Computer Technician Date of Admission : March 9, 2013 Date Administered Test : February 7, 2013 Case : Marijuana UserSocial Worker : Daddy Erwin II. General Observation The subject wears White T-shirt ,Black Short and slippers. He is in dark complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he has tattoo on his wr ist and finger and mole n hid neck. Among the 4 siblings. He is the youngest. The subject while talking the test was quit. But when he saw some of her dormate he talks even though I am in front of him. Some of the time. He is complaining about the question in test I giving. III. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12IV. The result and interpretation DAP The test showed that the subject is optimistic. He recognizes the male is the more powerful which is normal. The subject is more on impulsive behavior rather than intellectual. He needs to control expression of aggression. SACH SENTENCE Based on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his father. He wishes the presence of his father. He has a mild difficulty in accepting challenges in her life. He regret on his past experiences and seem mildly disturbed by the failure to control of his trouble that he make.Even though there are things that is not unpleasant he trid to be optimistic and to be patient. BENDER The test revealed that the subject is one of the aggressive type. He suffered from a feeling of insecurity and self doubt. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE Raw Score : 39 Percentile : 25% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to deny persistent feeling of guilt and his problem controlling aggression.The subject has the tendencies to be self oriented, optimistic and aggressive. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolation hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong decision making. Rogie Mar Perez Dorm: Reception Age : 17 Sex : Male Birth Date : November 3, 1995 Address : 1478 Fugoso St.Sta. Cruz Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Mineral water Boy Date of Admission : February 26, 20 13 Date Administered Test : February 27, 2013 Case : Rubbery Social Worker : Mam Mel III. General Observation The subject wears Blue T-shirt, Black Short and slippers. He is in dark complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he has tattoo on his left arm. Among the 3siblings. He is the Eldest. He is a married person.He has one child. His fathers were on ail when he was young so that he mother are the only one that is supporting them financially. The subject while talking the test was quit. He follow instruction quickly an d participate properly. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12 V. The result and interpretation DAP He does not recognize the role of sexes. He suffered from social anxiety that may cause him depression. He suffered from being self indulgence and self centered. He did not listen to the opinion of other. He feel discriminate. SACH SENTENCEBased on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his fath er. He wishes the presence of his father. He always want approval of others before committing emotionally. He is extremely suspicious about other people. HE has Mild difficulty in accepting challenges in life. BENDER The test revealed that the subject ha s low tolerance of frustration. He has a feeling of insecurity and compulsive self doubt. He thinks negative in some aspect of her life. . He tried to be socially accepted but his suspicious surface take place when he is in conflict. RAVENS PROGRESSIVERaw Score : 44 Percentile : 50% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to be socially distrcted. There is an evident anxiety frustration and suspicious thingking. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolation hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong deci sion making.

Sucheng Chan essays

Sucheng Chan essays Sucheng Chan, the author of  ¡Asian Americans, an Interpretive History ¡, is currently a professor of history and is also the chair of the Asian American Studies Program at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 1973, she earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. Not only a scholar and a professor, Chan is also an author. Her extraordinary work as a professor and a writer helped her win in prestigious awards in the literary community, such as the 1986 Theodore Salutoes Memorial Book Award in Agricultural History, the 1987 American Historical Association Pacific Coast Branch Book Award, and the 1988 Association for Asian American Studies Outstanding Book Award. Another award Chan has received in recognition of her academic work is a Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of California at Berkeley in 1978. With so many years of experience, Chan, in my opinion, satisfied the scholarly qualifications for my writing about her book. The book  ¡Asian Americans, an Interpretive History ¡ starts with the very beginning of time when the people from China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, and India first immigrated to the United States. Throughout this book, Chan talks about the accomplishments and struggles of the Asian Americans from the mid nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. Chan ¡s main focus or main emphasis is the impact Asian Americans have on the history of the United States, whether it is political, agricultural, or economical. Furthermore, despite the endless struggles Asian Americans had in the past, Chan also mentions the improvement of the status of Asian Americans over the past few decades and the decrease of racial inequality in this country. However, she ends with the intention of urging everyone, regardless of his/her race, gender, or ethnicity, to work steadfastly towards the curtailment of the racial tensions. ...

3 Scams to Avoid When Job Hunting

3 Scams to Avoid When Job Hunting Job hunting can be hard enough, and sometimes it feels as though the world must simply be against you. In the following three cases, at least, you would be right. These notable scams target job hunters at their most vulnerable. Learn them and remember them, so as not to be suckered in by predators taking advantage of your desperation to get hired. Scam  #1: Application FeesBeing out of work can be humiliating enough; don’t fall victim to a scam this outlandish. This is illegal in most states, and could even be considered a form of discrimination. If a company, even an employment agency or placement service, asks for this, you’ll know immediately that it cannot be trusted. Stick to reputable channels.Scam #2: Identity ThievesAs if it’s not enough to have to be on the lookout for people trying to take your money, you should probably also watch out for anyone trying to get any personal information they could use for identity theft purposes. No job will ask you for your social security number, for example, until the hiring process has already begun. Do not disclose this information any sooner.Scam  #3: The Recruiter is Overly EnthusiasticMeeting an enthusiastic recruiter can feel like gift from the heavens. Still, it’s best to be wary. It could very well be too good to be true. Avoid giving out any personal information here too, and ask as many questions up front as you can. That way you’ll never think you’re going in for a fancy â€Å"marketing† job to stand around giving out smoothie samples in the mall.

A historic succession at xerox Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A historic succession at xerox - Case Study Example Secondly, Ursula Burns succeeded another woman. This is usually not the case since most female CEOs normally break through by taking over from other men. This is a general reflection of the fact that women, like many other minorities in America are often excluded from top level managerial positions. Reasons why Women & Minorities do not get top-level Positions There are several reasons why women are not found occupying top corporate positions around the country. Lamana & Riedman (2010, p285) identify three major reasaons why women are often excluded from such uttermost corporate positions. First of all, most women are involved at the forefront of family lives. This is because once a woman marries, she is often involved more intensely in family matters. This implies that a woman will need to do draw a balance between the raising of a family and business life. In most organizations, rising to the top demands a almost all of a person' attention and due to the divided attention most wome n have because they combine work with family life, they end up losing out to men. Secondly, historical factors play major roles in hindering women from taking up top corporate positions.

Economic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic analysis - Essay Example This paper assess a year by year economic indicators from the year 2012 to the year 2014 Economic growth is the measure of the change in gross domestic product, abbreviated as GDP. On the other hand, GDP is defined as the market value of the goods and services attributable to labour and property located in the economy. The gross domestic product measures the national income (sum of factor incomes) and output for a given country’s economy. It is equal to the total expenditures for all the final goods and services produced within the economy for a given time frame. The United States GDP in the year 2012 was worth 16, 244.60 Billion dollars1 and this value it was the worlds highest and over 25 % of the total value of the world’s economy. This was a growth from 15, 533.80 Billion dollars recorded in the previous year. This signaled a growth of 2.8% on the GDP recorded in the year 2011. Economic theory asserts that an economy’s GDP consists of total consumption, total investments and net exports; the latter is the difference between the total value of exports and imports. The estimated value of the decomposed components of the GDP were as follow; household consumption -70.9%, government consumption-19.5%, investment in fixed capital-12.8 %, investment in inventories-0.4%, net exports of goods and services negative 3.6 %.2 At the estimated percentage of more than 70%, indeed consumers are the engine of the US economy. Consumers spending have grown rapidly out of confidence in the 2011 economic growth. In the United States, the country has grown to be an imported consumer oriented goods and services shown by the negative value of the net exports, which means that the value of imports exceeded the value of exports. Consumer spending at percentage of 70.9 out of the GDP is the single largest piece of spending. During the period that transverse the dip and the recovery,