Citizen Engagement in development research Essay

Citizen Engagement in development research - Essay Example Its purpose is to contribute in meaningful ways to specific public policy decisions in a transparent and accountable manner". (Phillips, 2002) Around the period centering 1970s, the different governments, especially of the Western nations, more profoundly thought of extending the responsibilities of the citizens and gradually increased and spread the application of the plans in various arenas primarily including the social and infrastructural bodies to address more deeply the quintessential aspects of education and health. Citizens were encouraged to intensively participate and monitor in many small developmental projects and related campaigns in their respective community areas.  Lack of substantial civilian involvement at that period prompted many theories to be developed and scrutinized at this very context. There have been several approaches and detailed theoretical study and discussion regarding literature of public involvement in developmental affairs of the governance. Many such views were studied exhaustively and dissected minutely to frame administrative policies across the nations of the world. One such view to understand the role of civilians in attaining developmental goals was the neo-liberal market approach. The main argument of the neo-liberal market approach is a continually sustained moderation of the government authority through a proper mix of privatization and decentralization policies (Gaventa, 2007). In this particular framework, the main critic is the civilians are mechanically.

Systems Maintenance Essay Example for Free

Systems Maintenance Essay Onsite help desk will be located at the head Office. It will provide help desk support to all of their branches via a toll-free number and/or website. When a problem has occurred at a franchisee, the franchisee staff needs to log a call through to their helpdesk over phone or website. The help desk will try to troubleshoot over phone first and if that does not fix the problem, subsequently they will organize for a technician to attend ASAP. In addition to that there will a full time technician at the web server location at the head office providing 247 support. User support will be provided in number of methods, such as online documentation and troubleshooting, a help desk, technical support, end user satisfaction, resolving service request quickly and seamlessly, increase productivities, online document, online enquiry facilities, online transaction facilities and others. A. User Documentation a. User guide The user guide would feature all the roles of the system users and the various functionalities they possess for the successful operation and use of the system. A business process-oriented manual The business process oriented model would collate all the business processes that the equipment tracking system holds and ensures rightful use of them for exploiting the system. c. Security policies for the equipment tracking system The security issues are the primary issues which an organization must take care to protect their data which is king to any organization. In particular as the system implements payment system, security is very much required as that would ensure safe communication with financial information. The following are the identified issues and their correct implementation process: 1. Login/Access Issues: Every customer would be asked to sign up with the company before any services are provided. That would ensure safety of transactions made with the company. It could be similar to Pay Pal, where a person can get verified by giving his Credit card number. 2. Back up: Periodic backups can be taken of the database in magnetic tapes so that data remains safe and is not lost. The saved data also ensures continuity of business and good recoverability options. 3. Antivirus software: The system needs to be protected against all vulnerabilities and threats like viruses. Good anti-virus software would ensure that the system is well protected and operations will not halt for any external threat. 4. Access control: This ensures that everyone is not allowed to access all information and all business functions. Access control is a mechanism which creates views for every type of user. Views are used for giving a user a specific access area outside which nothing is available. Such as an accounts officer should not be able to view reports of the profits in the business which is meant for the owners and higher management. B. Evaluation 1. Critical Appraisal The database designed is a fully automated system for the equipment tracking system. It follows all the CRUD properties and ensure better handling the users and the roles. 2. Strengths of each stage All information is stored and retrieved in the RDBMS tool created for the system. 3. Weaknesses of each stage The cost of maintaining the system is a little overhead for the organization. The backups and support issues may pose a problem. C. Conclusion The equipment tracking system’s fundamental goal was to manage the inventory and ascertain at any point of time the availability of the equipments to be allocated to departments. Another intention is to check the various calculations of the firm based on their earnings and profit in the long run. Content should be maintained and produced for scan-ability. Engineering principles were a necessity in the complexity/diversity surrounding online activity. Legal and ethical issues are vital to security conscious users. Further work can be in the form of a web based system to spread its operation and functionality over the internet to increase its usability, acceptance, workability and many other factors. The systems development model based on the web technologies would make sure that the complete supply chain of the business is managed thoroughly by the system and would take care of the process of getting the products to their warehouse to ultimately selling to the customers (Laudon, 2003). Online order tracking options can be implemented to reinforce visual symbols such as â€Å"Best Buys†, â€Å"Add to Basket† and instructions to â€Å"proceed to Basket and Checkout† which are reminders of physical store environments, providing familiarity to customers. (Weick, 2001). References / Bibliography Barry Mawer (2000). Systems Maintenance, vol 32, pp 12. Booch, Grady (2003). Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Professional.

Analysis of Public Celebrity Apologies in America

Analysis of Public Celebrity Apologies in America Devin Black Julia TofantÃ… ¡uk Their circumstances and effects via analyzing specific cases Introduction Recently, I have become aware of a trend that has been sweeping across America – the celebrity apology, or precisely, the non-apology. I think I have always been aware of the constant apologies made by celebrities, but it has only been in the past year when I have actually paid attention to the words they were using to apologize, and under what circumstances they were apologizing. In fact, the exact moment when I became infatuated with the celebrity apology was when I was listening to a broadcast of the Opie and Anthony Radio Show in March 2014 and the hosts were discussing the numerous celebrity apologies that had been made during the previous week. Their discussion about celebrity apologies began to consume the show daily, until they officially established an â€Å"Apology Clock† on June 5, 2014 (Apology Clock, 2014). The experiment was to see if they could go ten days without a celebrity apology. The results showed that they could not, as there was at least one new apology a day and more often than not there were apologies from multiple celebrities. Their research ended unexpectedly one month later when one of the hosts became a victim of the celebrity apology. I will discuss more about this later in the paper. For the purposes of this paper, I will begin by defining the terms and scope the paper covers. Secondly, I will present some cases from a wide range of circumstances which celebrities apologized, and the results of their apology. Finally, I will discuss Americans’ reaction to the celebrity apology. Definitions According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, a celebrity is defined as â€Å"a person who is famous.† For this paper, the definition will be narrowed to only a person who is recognizable in North America and broadened to include corporations, as these are considered individuals under the law. An apology is defined as â€Å"an expression of regret for having done or said something wrong.† For this paper, we also need to consider the definition of a non-apology apology, which is defined as â€Å"a statement that has the form of an apology but does not express the expected contrition.† An example of a non-apology apology would be saying Im sorry that you feel that way to someone who has been offended by a statement. This apology does not admit that there was anything wrong with the remarks made, and additionally, it may be taken as insinuating that the person taking offense was excessively thin-skinned or irrational in taking offense at the remarks in the first place (Lazare, 2005). Case Studies of celebrity apologies and the results of the apology There are hundreds, if not thousands of examples of celebrity apologies. For this paper, the time frame of the case studies of celebrity apologies examined will begin in 1998, well after the advent of the Internet. This starting point was chosen because the Internet disseminates information almost effortlessly, therefore more people would be aware of the apologies given by celebrities. Furthermore, the case studies offered are examples of the wide range of circumstances under which a celebrity has had to apologize. There are countless more examples to choose from, but the following examples provide a general overview, so the scope has had to be narrowed. Case study 1: Bill Clinton apologizes for having an affair Indeed I did have a relationship with Miss Lewinsky that was not appropriate. In fact, it was wrong I misled people, including even my wife. I deeply regret that. On August 17, 1998, President Bill Clinton stood in the White House pressroom and apologized to the American people for having an affair with a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. When the affair first became public, Bill Clinton denied having a sexual relationship with Ms. Lewinsky even though she offered circumstantial evidence to a Senate investigating committee. The news of this extra-marital affair and the resulting investigation eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the U.S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in a 21-day Senate trial (Posner, 2009). This apology most likely saved his presidency. His apology was emotional and appeared sincere. He was able to connect with Americans, while at the same time admitting he was wrong and asking for forgiveness (Bill Clinton apologizing for his affair with Monica Lewinsky, 2008). However, what makes the circumstances of this apology important is the fact that the political motivations of the Republican Party forced President Clinton into a position where he had to apologize. The results, politically, led to the rise of the Republican Party from 2000 to 2008, and an ever increasing motivation to use the personal affairs of politicians as a weapon in elections, and politics in general. Case study 2: Janet Jackson’s wardrobe malfunction On February 1, 2004 during the half-time show of Super Bowl XXXVIII, Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake were performing when suddenly Timberlake removed an article of Jackson’s clothing, revealing an exposed breast to a live television audience. This event has been termed Nipplegate by the media (Apologetic Jackson says costume reveal went awry, 2004). The next day Jackson apologized to the public â€Å"to anyone who was offended.† This is an example of the non-apology apology. There are several reasons why the circumstances surrounding this particular non-apology apology is important. First of all, a wardrobe malfunction is considered to be an accident, so the question remains why an apology was even necessary. Secondly, the American sensitivity to nudity is revealed to have a low threshold, while their sensitivity threshold to a violent sport, American football, is high. This means that Americans are more offended by nudity than violence. Finally, the results of this apology led to the Federal Communications Commission to impose higher fines and regulations concerning obscenity in broadcast media on public airwaves, which still continue today (Ahrens, 2006). Case study 3: Michael Richards â€Å"nigger† rant During a November 17, 2006 performance, Michael Richards, a stand-up comedian who became popular for the role of â€Å"Krammer† he played on the successful American sitcom Seinfeld, shouted a racially charged response to black hecklers in the audience, shouting Hes a nigger! several times and referring to lynching (Farhi, 2006). This is only one example of an apology or non-apology apology based on racism, religion, or sexual orientation. Other celebrities who have had to apologize for racist rants or, more importantly, opinions based on race; include Mel Gibson, Gary Oldman, and many others (Hare, 2014). However, what makes this apology most interesting is the public’s initial reaction and later action. Richards made a public apology on the Late Show with David Letterman, when Jerry Seinfeld was the guest, saying: For me to be at a comedy club and to flip out and say this crap, Im deeply, deeply sorry. Im not a racist, thats whats so insane about this. What happened next is surprising; the audience initially laughed during uncomfortable pauses in Richards explanation and apology, unable to decide if the interview was a comedy bit; at one point Seinfeld chided the audience, Stop laughing, its not funny. (CNN Newsroom, 2006) Later, Richards called civil rights leaders Al Sharpton and Jesse Jackson to apologize. He also appeared as a guest on Jacksons syndicated radio show. This began a new trend in apologizing; the guilty party had to personally apologize to representatives of the groups who might be offended (Sharpton: Comedians apology not enough, 2006). Case study 4: Various corporate apologies Since corporations, as well as celebrities, are extremely vigilant when protecting their brand, it is no surprise that they find themselves in situations where they have to apologize. Most corporate apologies are sincere because they have directly affected the lives of individuals or the environment. However, many corporate apologies are non-apology apologies because the circumstances around which they have apologized usually involve trivial matters that would not normally offend the majority of the population. One example of a typical corporate non-apology apology involves Delta Airlines. During the 2014 World Cup competition in Brazil, Delta Airlines posted a message on Twitter congratulating the United States soccer team for their defeat over Ghana. In their message, they posted a picture the Statue of Liberty with the number 2 super-imposed over it and another picture of a giraffe with the number 1 super-imposed over it. These graphics symbolized both the country and the score of the game. The problem with this is that giraffes are not to be found in Ghana (Mendoza, 2014). Critics found the Twitter post to be â€Å"ignorant and offensive,† and some even considered the post racist. Delta Airlines felt they had to apologize the next day on their website saying the â€Å"tweet was both inaccurate and inappropriate† and that the company was â€Å"reviewing its procedures to ensure that future images and posts reflect both our values and our global focus. (Delta Air Lines Apologizes for Giraffe Gaffe, 2014) Case study 5: Celebrities who do not apologize There are many times when celebrities say or do things which people find offensive, and the public usually waits for an apology a few days after. However, some celebrities refuse to apologize. What makes these cases interesting is the effect their refusal to apologize has on their career. Two recent examples of this scenario involve Charles Barkley, a former NBA basketball player; and Anthony Cumia, a popular radio presenter. In the first scenario, Charles Barkley was commenting on his travels to different cities in the United States while he was an NBA player during a live television broadcast. During his narrative, he described women from San Antonio, Texas as being â€Å"big old women,† referring to their weight. When people from San Antonia demanded an apology, Barkley replied that he will apologize â€Å"when hell gonna (sic) freeze over. (Dater, 2014)† There was no negative fallout from his response. In fact, he continues to be a sports commentator and presenter today. Many believe that Barkley did not have to apologize because this behavior is what is expected from him. The story eventually left the news cycle and is practically forgotten. On the other hand, the situation is different for Anthony Cumia. Cumia was one half of the radio show Opie and Anthony, the same show that had the aforementioned â€Å"Apology Clock† experiment, which lasted from June 5 to July 4, 2014. During the show’s holiday break for Independence Day, Cumia was walking in Times Square, New York City late at night photographing the city lights. While he was taking one particular photograph, an African-American woman happened to walk in the frame of the picture. She heard the camera’s click and immediately began to accost Cumia, and she was joined by a group of African-American men. Later that evening while he was at home, he began posting the pictures and his comments on Twitter. Many of these comments were charged with emotion, and some of them were construed as being racist and violent towards women. The posts were noticed by a blogger, and the incident was reported in the mainstream press a couple of days later (Perex, 2014). Cumia refused to apologize. In fact, he appeared on various news programs to explain and defend himself. The only thing he admitted was that he should have â€Å"cooled down† before posting his experience on Twitter. His refusal to apologize lead to his firing from SiriusXM radio four days later (MacNeal, 2014). Americans’ response to and attitudes towards celebrity apologies Social Justice Warriors Currently, the trend in America is that celebrity apologies are increasing. This can be attributed to the importance of social media; not only Twitter and Face Book, but also public blogging sites that act as mainstream media, such as TMZ or The Huffington Post. These blogging sites have given rise to the â€Å"social justice warrior†. A â€Å"social justice warrior† is a blogger who uses social media to â€Å"fight for the rights of the minority, under-privileged, and under-represented (Internet Observation Project).† They actively seek out celebrities, generally white males, and search for things that they say or do which are considered offensive to the people they want to protect and then write about the circumstance. Their blogs are read by a few and then linked in Twitter, where the article is read by many. More often than not, the mainstream press will report on the story if the blog post has been shared enough times. There is much criticism towards the â€Å"social justice warrior.† Many believe that they are nothing more than gossip columnists who do not have the talent to write for established tabloids. Most â€Å"social justice warriors† earn money when people view their blog and/or click the advertisements posted on the site, so it is in their interest to write about controversial topics. Furthermore, â€Å"social justice warriors† do not have to answer questions about their sources, and usually hide themselves if there is an attack against them (Roosh, 2014). Backlash against celebrity apologies More recently, many people are starting to question why celebrities need to apologize, particularly for an unpopular opinion they may have voiced. An example of this backlash is when the actor Robin Williams committed suicide. After this tragedy, many celebrities voiced their opinions about suicide, and one celebrity who voiced unpopular opinions about suicide, the singer and author Henry Rollins, particularly received a lot of criticism (Joyce, 2014). This led to the question, â€Å"Do we now have to apologize for our opinions (Norton, 2014)?† Finally, the celebrity apology has become embedded in humor. A recent example, and one that defines how ridiculous the celebrity apology has become, is the Twitter #IAmSorry started by actor Shia LaBeouf, which celebrities now have to use when posting their apologies. He has stated that the celebrity apology has become â€Å"an art form now,† and should be instructed in every drama class (Hare, 2014). Conclusion The celebrity apology is more than a humiliating moment for an individual or a corporation. The reason why many Americans are obsessed with celebrity apologies is because maybe it is a reflection of American sensitivities. When they see someone apologizing, it makes them feel better, maybe even more perfect. Also, it may be easier for people to look at others’ shortcomings and mistakes instead of looking at their own. After completing my research, I noticed that their further investigation can be done. For example, it would be interesting to know if there has been a real increase in celebrity apologies recently, or if the publics’ backlash toward celebrity apologies has increased, which in turn makes it seem like there are more apologies. Also, a more quantitative analysis of celebrity apologies would reveal more about the phenomena. Finally, I wonder if the apology culture is only prevalent in the United States or is it common in other parts of the world. Works Cited (2006, November 21). Retrieved October 11, 2014, from CNN NEWSROOM: http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0611/21/cnr.01.html Ahrens, F. (2006, June 8). The Price for On-Air Indecency Goes Up. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from The Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/07/AR2006060700287.html Apologetic Jackson says costume reveal went awry. (2004, February 3). Retrieved October 2014, 11, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2004/US/02/02/superbowl.jackson/ Apology Clock. (2014, July 4). Retrieved October 11, 2014, from OApedia: https://oapedia.com/oa/Apology_Clock Bill Clinton apologizing for his affair with Monica Lewinsky. (2008, August 2). Retrieved October 11, 2014, from You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPxwKS12TXE Dater, J. (2014, May 11). Charles Barkley wont apologize for his comments about San Antonios women. Retrieved October 12, 2014, from SB Nation: http://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2014/5/11/5708198/charles-barkley-wont-apologize-for-his-comments-about-san-antonios Delta Air Lines Apologizes for Giraffe Gaffe. (18, June 2014). Retrieved October 12, 2014, from NBC News: http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/delta-air-lines-apologizes-giraffe-gaffe-n134106 Farhi, P. (2006, November 21). Seinfeld Comic Richards Apologizes for Racial Rant. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from The Washington Post : http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/21/AR2006112100242.html Hare, B. (2014, June 9). Celebrity apologies: The good, bad and uncomfortable. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from Time: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/09/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/celebrity-apologies-best-worst-uncomfortable/ Hare, B. (2014, June 9). Celebrity apologies: The good, bad and uncomfortable. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/09/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/celebrity-apologies-best-worst-uncomfortable/ Joyce, C. (2014, August 25). Henry Rollins Is Still Really Sorry for His Comments About Robin Williams Suicide. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from Spin Magazine: http://www.spin.com/articles/henry-rollins-suicide-comments-la-weekly-column-robin-williams/ Lazare, A. (2005). On Apologies. Oxford University Press. MacNeal, C. (2014, July 13). Anthony Cumia Wont Apologize For Twitter Rant: It Wasnt Racist. Retrieved October 12, 2014, from Talking Points Memo: http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/anthony-cumia-no-apology-racist-rant Mendoza, D. (2014, June 17). Deltas giraffe gaffe. Retrieved October 12, 2014, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/17/travel/delta-tweet-storify/ Norton, J. (2014, August 27). It’s Time for Celebrities To Apologize—For All Their Apologizing. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from Time: http://time.com/3196100/suicide-apology-culture/ Perex, C. (2014, July 4). Shock jock fired for racist Twitter rant. Retrieved October 12, 2014, from The New York Post: http://nypost.com/2014/07/04/shock-jock-anthony-cumia-fired-for-racist-twitter-rant/ Posner, R. A. (2009). An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton. Harvard University Press. Roosh, V. (2014, October 6). What is a social justice warrior. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from Roosh: http://www.rooshv.com/what-is-a-social-justice-warrior-sjw Sharpton: Comedians apology not enough. (2006, November 23). Retrieved October 2014, 2014, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/TV/11/22/sharpton.richard/index.html Social Justice Warrior. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from Internet Observation Project: http://internetobservationproject.com/social-justice-warrior-definition/

Heart of Darkness versus Apocalypse Now Essay -- essays research paper

Books and movies present stories in different ways because the medias are incredibly different. In the story Heart of Darkness, the author takes the motif of the journey and presents it in the third person in a way that people could understand with the topic of the spread of culture in the â€Å"third world.† Apocalypse Now shows the journey in a completely different way. It is made into a first person narrative and is changed from colonization to the modern day equivalent of the Vietnam War. Both ways of showing the story keeps the main idea of the journey both inside and outside, but the way of presenting it is very different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story Heart of Darkness is presented to us in the third person. From the beginning, the story is shown as someone telling a story about something that’s already happened and it goes back and forth between the â€Å"present† and several times which make up the past. The story starts with the narrator telling his fellow boat-mates about a man named Marlow and his adventure into the wild to find a man Kurtz. The whole time the story goes back and forth between the narrator and his telling the story and Marlow driving the action. This is an interesting way of narrating the story because we really do not hear much from the actual speaker but most of the action takes place through Marlow. In the movie Apocalypse Now, the entire story is presented to us from one persons point of view. The Marlow figure in the movie is Captain Willard...

Does Age Really Matter? Essay

Some people may think that age matters in relationship while others say that relationships work best when the male is older, but I do not agree with either ideology. I used to believe that age matters in a relationship but after personally going through an experience that counteracted those beliefs, I finally believed. When my cousin, Mojgun, met the love of their life no one, including myself, ever believed that the relationship would work, especially since she was five years older than him. Usually in the Persian culture, the man is supposed to be older than the female, always, and when that isn’t the case, there is not much hope for the relationship. After being together for six years, they finally married, and now she is expecting their second child, and they are happier than they could ever be. With that, age doesn’t matter in a relationship because it all depends on the individual’s ideals, culture, and what their goal is in that relationship or that point in their life what they’re looking for. Age doesn’t matter in a relationship; as long as they both are mature and they have a same goal in their life and they care about each other. A relationship is like a boat in the ocean if they don’t know where they’re heading too and if they can’t work together, they never can land the boat. The only thing that matters the most in a relationship is the love between couples. If you are in a relationship with a person that takes advantage of you or abuses you, it makes no difference what your situation or age is they will do that no matter what the age is. An example of that is one of my mom’s childhood friends married a man two years younger than here, and since they have been together he has been abusive to her ever since. It has not gotten any better, in fact it has gotten worse, because now she is use to it and thinks that’s what love is. No matter what people try to do, including my mom intervening, she always goes back to him because that ’s how her brain is trained now. That’s what she grew up with, especially with her relationship, and that’s what she is accustomed to. The relationship obviously is not healthy because they both don’t have the same goals in that relationship, which should be including treating each other with respect, not degrading each other. No matter what the age, if she was younger or  older, her husband is the type of person who is abusive, and age would not fix any of it. It would remain the same because that’s how his personality is. Perhaps, if he was actually loving, and really treated her with respect, she would know what real love is, but she does not, and it is sad to see her live with that, thinking that deep down it is love. Love should not hurt, and in her case that’s all she feels on a constant basis from him. Through this example, it clearly shows that age does not take a toll on the end result or on what’s occurring between my mother’s friend and her husband. No matter what the age, everything will still stay the same, and eventually as time passes by things will get worse and w orse, as sad as that is. When people have the same goals on the other hand, like for example, wanting to settle down and have children, relationships are more likely to be successful. When couples have the same goals at the time of meeting or starting a relationship, it plays really vital to the success of that relationship. If one likes to go out and party, and the other does not there is always going to be that friction between them because one is doing something the other does not approve of, and so forth. Regardless of the age, there is always going to be that friction. On the other hand, if both like to stay at home, dine in, and share the same interests it really doesn’t matter what age they are because they share the same interests or common goals. When couples have the same long-term goals in mind, such as having kids or settling down getting married, they will do whatever they have to do to complete that end goal, and both do that to make sure it happens. For example, if a man is not looking to settle down, while the woman is, there is always going to be friction, and most likely that relationship is not going to work out. In my own experience, even though I am only twenty two years old, I have had relationships where girls wanted to become something more serious than I could handle, and I just was not ready for that. As a result it caused a lot of road blocks because we did not see eye to eye on what was going on with the relationship and where it was going, therefore me having to break up with her because it’s not a common goal we shared. I did not plan on marrying her or being in a committed relationship where I knew I wanted to marry her, I just was not ready. Regardless of age, if one is ready to settle, when the other is not, the relationship is most likely not going to work, because it’s in their  mentality, the personality, whether they want to settle down at that point in time or in their life. Anyone could make an argument that if someone was older or younger, it could have an impact, but in the end, it all depends on the individual and age doesn’t necessarily mean that your outlook, personality, or opinions change. As one gets older, you can argue that their opinions become more solidified, and they become more stable with who they are, and what they want in life. Primarily in the Persian culture, women are always treated with the utmost respect. It does not matter how old each partner is in the relationship, because there is always the basic foundation of treating each other with respect, especially Persian men with Persian women. They are like a team, and no matter what, they will do what they have to do to win the game (life), side by side. When a couple sees eye to eye, it does not matter how old they are, it matters that they understand each other, and want their relationship to work. Relationships work if you take the time to get to the know the person you are going to be with. If they don’t share the same ideals, culture beliefs, or goals in life, most likely the relationship is not going to work. It all depends on the type of individuals that are paired together and whether there is chemistry and that drive to make it work, otherwise it’s an uphill battle. When couples who are together share the same interests, goals in life, and beliefs, there’s a higher probability that their relationship will work, regardless of their age.

Role of Engineer in Global Challenges

Role of Engineer in Global Challenges Executive Summary The present paper discusses roles that engineers could actively play to address the challenges of global food insecurity, WMD terrorism, and environmental degradation. The rationale is premised on the fact that food insecurity, global terrorism, and environmental degradation are at the core of the very existence of mankind.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Engineer in Global Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The results demonstrate that engineers can play an active role in taming environmental degradation by working on ways to actualize the fuel cell technology, developing innovations to capture and store excess carbon dioxide, and initiate sustainable and green engineering to cut down on harmful emissions. In addressing the challenge of food insecurity, engineers can develop novel fertilizers and irrigation capabilities, use biotechnology to develop disease-resistant and fast matur ing crops, and develop new techniques of harvesting rain water for use in irrigation. Lastly, in addressing the challenge of WMD terrorism, engineers can develop high-tech defense mechanisms having the capacity to deal with WMDs before they reach their target, develop and implement comprehensive surveillance systems, and play an active role in developing novel strategies that could be used to neutralize the effects of chemical or biological weapons. The paper concludes by underscoring the importance of engineers in advancing human welfare. The paper recommends (1) core curricula for engineers to be changed to ensure they receive comprehensive training to reflect new challenges and (2) funding and concessions to be made to enable engineers come up with innovative ways to address challenges. Introduction Around the world, demands on the profession and practice of engineering are increasingly shifting to reflect new challenges and expectations fuelled by the pressures of internalizatio n and globalization (Bryce et al., 2004). Today, more than ever before, there are increasing demands for engineering professionals to disembark from the cocoon of narrow technical focus and embrace a positive role in working with their communities to address a multiplicity of challenges and create opportunities that serve to improve life in the universe (National Academy of Engineering, 2012; Vanasupa et al., 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The present paper discusses roles that engineers could actively play to address the challenges of global food insecurity, WMD terrorism, and environmental degradation. Rationale It is important to note that these challenges have been carefully selected on a needs assessment basis. Whereas it is a well known fact that the world is facing very many challenges that are hinged on the pressures toward internalization and globalization (Bryce et al., 2004), food insecurity, global terrorism, and environmental degradation are at the core of the very existence of mankind, hence their selection. Environmental Degradation Extant literature demonstrates that â€Å"†¦the global population is currently consuming natural resources at a rate of 120% of what the earth can regenerate† (Vanasupa et al., 2006 p. 375). Industrialized and industrializing counties are well known for their insatiable appetite for fossil fuels; however, available literature demonstrates that not only will we deplete our fossil fuel reserves within the next 40-100 years if we ignore to take immediate action to control their use, but our propensity to consume these resources will continue to accelerate the melting of the polarize caps, leading to flooding (Vanasupa et al., 2006). Excessive consumption of fossil fuels have also been positively correlated with the rapid accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases responsible for causing g lobal warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and other forms of adverse environmental events. Engineers can play an active role in taming environmental degradation by working on ways to actualize the fuel cell technology, which has the capacity to convert hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels into the much needed electrical energy and heat through approvingly simple and mechanically straight forward electrochemical processes that do not degrade the environment (Nordin, 2010). In essence, the perfection of fuel cell technology by relevant engineers presents our best bet of addressing the real challenges emboldened by the mounting use of fossil fuels, including the depletion of natural resources and the ensuing global environmental concerns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Engineer in Global Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engineers also need to come up with technological innovations that could be used by communities and countries to capture and store excess carbon dioxide within the environment so as to prevent global warming (Bourn Neil, 2008). Such innovations require heavy investment in financial resources and heavy concessions from participating stakeholders, but are intrinsically important if we are to reduce the harmful environmental events occasioned by excessive emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases into the environment. Lastly, engineers should be at the forefront in initiating sustainable and green engineering to cut down on harmful emissions into the environment (UNESCO, 2010). Food Insecurity The world’s population has now reached seven billion owing to great advances in health care, elevated levels of prosperity and longer life expectancy, but available statistics indicate that two in every seven people residing in developing countries are exposed to hunger and starvation due to food insecurity brought about by rising temperatures and e rratic rainfall patterns (Fan, 2011). The world’s population, according to these authors, is expected to reach nine billion by 2050, hence the need to come up with approaches and policy frameworks to guarantee food security. Engineers can play an active role in ensuring food security by developing novel fertilizers and irrigation capabilities that will ensure faster and more efficient production of food to feed the population. Agricultural engineers in Israel, for example, have been able to apply modern irrigation techniques and high-yield fertilizers to grow food in arid areas. Second, engineers can use biotechnology and other scientific techniques to develop disease-resistant and fast maturing crops. Such technologically-enhanced crops, in my view, will ensure that food is available in abundance. Lastly, engineers can undertake to develop new techniques of harvesting rain water for use in irrigating crops grown under harsh conditions (Bourn Neil, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weapons of mass destruction Global Terrorism Owing to the September 11 2001 terrorist attack on U.S. soil, it is increasingly becoming clear that the nexus of weapons of mass destruction (WMB) and terrorism poses one of the greatest challenges to world peace and prosperity. While it is a well known fact that a successful major WMD terrorist assault could lead to mass casualties and generate extensive social, economic and political ramifications that would adversely affect developed and developing countries, non-state actors such as the Al-Qaeda, Taliban, Ansar al-Islam and Islamic Jihad Union have openly stated their insatiable desire to obtain and use WMDs against targets perceived as enemies to their religious fanaticism (U.S. Department of Sate, 2008). Such a global challenge is real considering the amount of information available on the Internet regarding the assembly and use of WMDs, not mentioning the many black market proliferators and transnational criminal networks that ma y seek to benefit financially from the sale of these weapons to terrorists organizations. To minimize the challenge of WMD terrorism, engineers can engage in the development of high-tech defense mechanisms that have the capacity to deal with WMDs before they reach their target. The U.S. military engineers, for instance, have succeeded in developing strategic missile defense systems that can guard the country against incoming missiles. Second, it should be the role of upcoming engineers to develop and implement comprehensive surveillance systems with the capacity to receive and transmit information about the activities of known terrorist groups. In this light, it can be argued that engineers who designed and developed the U.S. drone surveillance systems succeeded to minimize terrorist activities due to their excellent data gathering capabilities. Still, engineers can play an active role in developing novel strategies that could be used to neutralize the effects of chemical or biologi cal weapons in case of use by terrorist groupings (Bourn Neil, 2008). Conclusion Recommendations The present paper has discussed some of the top-most challenges affecting communities globally, including environmental degradation, food insecurity and WMD terrorism. Additionally, the paper has clearly outlined the critical roles that engineers are expected to play to address these challenges in line with their professional calling to advance human welfare. But while these roles lie at the core of the engineering profession, it is imperative to note that they may be unachievable if concerted efforts are not made by stakeholders and governments. It is therefore recommended that the core curricula for engineers should be changed to reflect these dynamics and ensure that upcoming engineers receive comprehensive education and awareness reflective of these challenges. Additionally, concessions should be made by stakeholders in terms of funding and availing the necessary conditions for eng ineers to come up with innovative ways aimed at dealing with these challenges. References Bourn, D., Neil, I. (2008). The global engineer: Incorporating global skills within UK high education of engineers. Web. Bryce, P., Johnston, S., Yasukawa, K. (2004). Implementing a program in sustainability for engineers at University of Technology, Sydney: A story of intersecting agendas. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 5(3), 267-277. Fan, S. (2011). Global food security challenges and opportunities. International Food Policy Research Institute. Web. National Academy of Engineering. (2012). Grand challenges for engineering. Web. Nordin, N. (2010). Limitations of commercializing fuel cell technologies. AIP Conference Technologies, 1225(1), 498-506. UNESCO. (2010). Engineering: Issues, challenges and opportunities for development. Web. U.S. Department of State. (2008). The global challenge of WMD terrorism. Web. Vanasupa, L., Slivovsky, L., Chen, K.C. (2006). Glo bal challenges as aspiration: A classroom strategy to foster social responsibility. Science Engineering Ethics, 12(2), 373-380.

Writing Tips on Book Reviews for Students

Writing Tips on Book Reviews for Students How to Write a Book Review So, you have got a book to review and chances are big that it will be published if you manage your job well. How to write such kind of paper? Some writers consider reviews as the opportunity to advance their own strongly held opinions and to do it at great length. However, you should not do that (neither should they!). Keep in mind that you have to describe a book and you usually have just about 1,000 words to do that. Of course, your readers might be interested in your opinion, but first of all they are interested in the book itself and in the question whether it is worth reading. Just like any other genre of academic writing, book reviews have a standard structure. It can differ a bit depending on the discipline and publication venue, but there are basic writing tips on how to complete a book review. Write One Paragraph for Each of the Following Sections Introductory Paragraph Every well-written academic paper has an introduction. Start with the general explanation of the topic or issue described in the book. The introduction is your only chance to grab your readers attention and make him/her want to continue reading. Summary of Argument In this section, you should do your best to briefly and clearly summarize the argument of the book. What is the purpose of this book? If there is a clearly identifiable thesis statement in the work, you can also quote it directly. About the Author While writing a book review, you should also include some basic biographical information about its author. Write a couple of words about who he/she is; what he/she is known for; what certain sort of qualifications and expertise he/she brings to the subject; what are the ways the work you are writing about can fit into a bigger research or career trajectory. Summary of Content It is necessary to describe the research methods, which are used in the book and the range of substantive material, which is covered in it. Strengths You should identify one or a couple of certain areas, in which the book is great. You can point out just a single major strength if it is an academic work. Weaknesses You also have to identify certain area or areas, in which the work could be improved. It can be related to something you really believe is incorrect, but it would be better if it is something that the author omitted or neglected to address in detail. Concluding Paragraph Make sure to end your writing with a concluding statement, which summarizes your point of view. Besides, you should clearly identify the audience that in your opinion would appreciate reading it. Writing good reviews comes with experience, as any other skill. Everything that is required from you is to take the first step in that direction.

The Tragedy of War essays

The Tragedy of War essays Since the beginning of mankind, war has been the ultimate companion of men across their evolution. Man has always had that spirit of a warrior. Without it, he could never have improved because that is the same spirit that guides people in the various fights which combine to constitute the path of life. However, war is still a nightmare that raises a big These days, movies come to report barbarian acts that men can perpetrate during wars. Those films make people hope we never have a WWIII, because they represent artistically how horrible war is, and the are so realistic that they can push us to identify ourselves with the characters. This comes down to the special effects used in the recent war films as Saving Private Ryan or The Thin Red Line. These effects make people more aware of soldiers pain and therefore more mindful to what war represents. The aim of my research is to show how movies can persuade the audience on both sides, either on making them aware of wars horrors, or on stimulating their patriotic spirit so The Thin Red Line is an anti-war film, probably the best one. It highlights the insanity that turns out when humans insist on fighting. The film follows a company throughout their campaign to take an important hill on the pacific island of Guadalcanal in the Second World War. As much as it can be categorized, the plot consists of these mens exploits, triumphs and deaths in their attempts to capture this strategic strip of land from the The film director Terrence Malicks intention seems to be showing the terrifying reality of modern combat, focusing on the devastation wreaked upon individual men. In fact, the film shows that every man fights his own war. When Malick juxtaposes the war atop these images from Eden, we get a quick idea of the destructiveness of humankind. One is reminded again that Wo...

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

No topic - Essay Example Thereafter, the local municipal council issued Mrs. Watkin with a notice requiring that the extension be demolished and be replaced to make it comply with the by-laws. Mrs. Watkin filed a case in court for damages and the judge ruled in her favor by declaring that extension was constructed without a building permit, non-compliance with the municipal by-laws and the extension was not in a fit and habitable condition. The plaintiff’s counsel anchored the claim based two cases anchored on the fact that the susceptibility of a building to a local authority requisition constituted a defect in title. (2) The lawsuit for damages was filed in court by Mrs. Watkin as the plaintiff, while the defendant is Mr. Black, and the judge in this case is Judge Henry. (3) The cause of action is not one based on a contract of sale, but on a breach of the duty of care imposed by the common law on a builder in favor of a subsequent owner, to make good title to the estate or property he has contracte d to sell. The issue in this case is whether or not the plaintiff is entitled to claim damages for the breach of the implied term and duty on the part of the defendant that good title would pass on settlement. (4) The case was decided on the basis of common law rule which puts a vendor under a duty to make good title to the estate or property he has contracted to sell. (5) The relevant question of law refers whether or not there was a defect in the title for failure of Mr. Black to comply with the building permit and non-compliance with municipal laws before constructing the extension. (6) Plaintiff’s counsel quoted Australian cases in order support of his argument and justify the claim of damages. One of the sources of the Court in resolving disputes is by using judicially developed principles laid down in previously decided cases based on the Doctrine of Precedent. (7) The four cases were distinguished namely: Vukelic v Sadil1 and Maxwell v Pinheiro2, by relating the mere d efect in quality, as is usually the position in respect of a town planning restriction as discussed in the case of Dell v. Beasley3 and a building line restriction enunciated in the case of Harris v. Weaver4, where the ownership of the land could be vested in the purchaser although its use was restricted. The case of Moss v PTA Company Ltd5 was also quoted at arriving with a decision where it was ruled that a frontage set-back requirement was held to be a defect in title because the vendor was obliged to dedicate a strip of land in question. According to the ruling, the susceptibility of part of the building to a demolition order was not something known to the plaintiff nor was there anything that required her to make enquiry of the local authority and ascertain the existence of the defect. Thus, there has been a breach of the implied term that good title would pass on settlement. The case of Moss v PTA Company Ltd6 was followed by the court in deciding the case. (8) The ‘rati o decidendi’ of this case laid the legal principle that an owner/builder has a duty of care to a subsequent purchase by making sure that good title will pass on settlement, otherwise, failure to comply with the duty makes the owner/builder liable for negligence. The court held in favor of the plaintiff, Mrs. Watkin by finding that there was a breach of duty on the part of Mr. Black. This cause of action is not one based on a

How are auctions important for the art market today Essay

How are auctions important for the art market today - Essay Example For example, in other industries like the real estate, once the construction of the house is complete, the builders and architects will mostly not have any meaningful relations with the particular building or house. However this is different in the art world since the artist will have a central correlation with the art they have created; in this context, the role the art market plays in the art world and the artist’s own career is somewhat intricate and can vary from one artist to another and from one region to another. It is with this in mind that I have split my essay into different categories. Firstly, I will discuss the art market as a whole before looking at the aspect of art valuation. The second area will be covering the determination of the price for a painting. Thereafter I will finish my essay with a conclusion on how all these aspects are important for the art market today as much as the contribution to how a painting or an art piece will be auctioned. Art Market Re cognition of art as a feasible and valuable alternative asset class has made a situation where the art market is increasingly being promoted purely as a means for monetary gains. New investments dealing in arts have been created in the last few years and this shows how the society has grown the confidence it has on the art market as a method of building wealth and as a way of diversifying the investment range. This art market is continuously growing even though it is a new and small market compared to other investment markets. According to Singer and Lynch (94), the art market is divided into four categories that are diverse. The fourth category is mostly for the illicit aspect of the art market. The first one is referred to as primary which deals with art that is in the open market for the first time; once the art has been sold it will be in the secondary possession thereafter if it is auctioned the tertiary stage will be under this category. This means that before an art is auctio ned it has to undergo probably the three faces (apart from the illicit market) and through the facets the value of the art piece might increase or decrease depending on the quality and the significance. Art valuation: Art valuation is the basis for dictating the significance of the art in question, whether the art is very good or very bad. This is an art-specific division of financial valuation. The process will involve giving an approximate value (valuation) or estimating the potential market value of works of art and thus this makes it more of a financial concern rather than an aesthetic concern (Fenner 28). The subjective views and opinions of the art also play a major role in the valuation process. The valuation itself will involve comparing the data and analyzing the trends of the art from various key players like collectors, auction houses, museums, curators and even art dealers among many other important art players. These key players will mostly arrive at a value that they w ill deem. The art market is dictated by the valuation which in turn determines whether an art is good or not. A good art will have a high market demand as many people will be after this piece of art and at the same time liquidity of the art means that the art is very easily sold without any impediments hence the art is deemed as a good art. Other factors that will make an art be good will include the valuation trend whereby if an art

Companies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Companies - Research Paper Example I feel like I have very strong leadership qualities, and employees of this company frequently get opportunities to lead the teams independently. Hence, I would not only find the opportunity to expedite my skills and capabilities, but would also grow professionally. Being employed by this company, I would feel safe for I would be building my experience in one of the largest and most popular companies in Qatar, which would be good for me in the long run. I would like to work for Qatar Petroleum because this is a very old company. It was 1939 when the first well was drilled. Development sustained after the Second World War and the first crude exports took place in the year 1949. The fields of Maydan Mahzam and Idd Al-Shargi were discovered in the year 1960. After the discovery of Bul Hanine, the largest offshore in 1970, Qatar Petroleum was established in the year 1974 (â€Å"QP History†). Since the company has a strong international presence, I would have the opportunity to visit different countries and places as part of my job and also have international exposure. With such a large work setup and being equipped with the latest technology, Qatar Petroleum provides its employees with the opportunity to polish their intellectual and technical skills in a highly dynamic and challenging environment. Working with Qatar Petroleum is a privilege and a great and valuable addition to the CV in terms of experience. I would also feel very fortunate and happy if I ever get employed in the Qatar Airways. Qatar Airways provides wonderful opportunities of talent development to its employees. Employees of Qatar Airways are offered a range of benefits and perks in addition to salary. Besides, the company fosters such a culture that makes its employees feel like a family. The company promises its employees; â€Å"You will gain from the diverse culture, by interacting with more than one hundred and fifty nationalities in a fast-paced working environment.

Low Carbon Building - Proposed_layout_of_New_Community_Centre_Hong Essay

Low Carbon Building - Proposed_layout_of_New_Community_Centre_Hong Kong - Essay Example ctional and structural design for the various alternative energy sources available for the operation(s), demonstrate the workability and economics of the energy source(s) described and Recommend the appropriate energy source(s) to be used for the various operation(s). Light transfer between highly glazed internal spaces such as atria or light wellswhere these features are found Energy Assessors can expect the need to pay moreattention to manipulating input dataand recording any assumptions made and their justification Regulation requires that new buildings must achieve or better this target. The TER is based on the performance of theNotionalbuilding and the following procedure must be followed in order to establish the TER. The procedure converts calculated building loads intoenergy (and hence CO2emissions) using seasonal efficiency parameters The following adjustments must be made, If the calculated value is greater than 0.22W/m ²K, the value of 0.22W/m ²K must be used in the Notional building. If the calculated value is less than 0.22W/m ²K with no added insulation, this lower value must be used in the Notionalbuilding The calculation procedure must always control the space temperature to the set-point defined for the relevant activity area in the NCM database, irrespective of the control temperature prevailing in the building as it operates in practice. The control set point will only vary according to the level of servicing provided. Using the table of the 2010 notional building data, the range of values, the CO2 improvement can be carried out by reduce carbon emissions and atmospheric pollution by encouraging local energy generation from renewable sources to supply much better tolerable ratio of the energy

Drinking and Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Drinking and Driving - Essay Example As a result, we have lost many lives of people through accidents that are caused by drunk drivers (Stearn 49). It is this increased accidents caused by drivers who drink and drive that have left us with many question in regard to what we should do to stop it hence leading to this study. In order to ensure credibility of this study, researchers will use accurate and real time data that will be collected from different departments of traffic across the world (Stearn 77). Decent methods of data collection will also be used so as to enhance credibility and accuracy of the data collected. If we manage to stop people from drinking and driving, we will reduce road accidents by about 50%, and improve transport systems all over the world. Therefore, it is responsibility of everybody to come up and help address this issue (Grosshandler & Grosshandler-Smith 42). Currently, there are many orphans and children with single parents who lost their parents through road accidents that were caused by drinking and driving. Hence, these orphans have become burden to society and government (Grosshandler & Grosshandler-Smith 60). Many families have also lost their breadwinners via drinking and driving hence they live in poverty. Since drinking and driving has proved to be a global problem, all governments are supposed to come together and address it thoroughly. They should use all means possible to ensure that this problem has come to an end (Mendralla & Grosshandler 54). Strict laws and penalties will reduce significantly the problem of drinking and driving. This is because in most countries, traffic laws are not strict thus people do not fear fines which in turn encourage drinking and driving (Mendralla & Grosshandler 63). Drinking and driving is one of the major factors which cause many problems in the by societies and governments all over the world

How does military-based Virtual Reality treatment for PTSD differ from Essay

How does military-based Virtual Reality treatment for PTSD differ from commercial treatment for accidents - Essay Example ly heal from after they return home, but for some it is a difficult situation for them to understand and they may begin to have challenges within the first month. PTSD can be difficult to determine according to many experts because the emotional anxiety may not be much different from what a person would experience on a day to day basis. The normal distress of having more bills than money to pay them can result in some forms of anxiety. When it becomes more serious an individual may be going thorough flashbacks when a sound or smell triggers their anxious behaviour. In order to understand PTSD most people will have to go through a very detailed evaluation by a medical professional in order to discover whether they have the disorder or whether their anxiety is "normal". In PTSD trauma is present when there was a death or near death experience and there will be certain symptoms that go with it that include: 1. Re-experiencing can happen when the individual replays part of the trauma or experience with very strong emotional reactions. Their thoughts may be reliving the past action. This re-experiencing can happen during a nightmare or during the day. There are many ways to diagnose PTSD and this is always done by a healthcare professional, preferably a psychiatrist, psychologist or a clinical social worker. These mental health professionals must be trained in the diagnosis of psychological problems (National Centre for PTSD, Fact Sheet 2). Some of the assessments that are used include the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and The Structural Clinical Interview for PTSD. These are common tools that make evaluations more secure when talking with people who come back from traumatic events. There are a variety of traditional treatments for PTSD that both the military and commercial hospitals use to assist patients with this disorder. Experts agree that one of the ways to treat it is through psychotherapy. The therapy of choice is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Low Carbon Building - Proposed_layout_of_New_Community_Centre_Hong Essay

Low Carbon Building - Proposed_layout_of_New_Community_Centre_Hong Kong - Essay Example ctional and structural design for the various alternative energy sources available for the operation(s), demonstrate the workability and economics of the energy source(s) described and Recommend the appropriate energy source(s) to be used for the various operation(s). Light transfer between highly glazed internal spaces such as atria or light wellswhere these features are found Energy Assessors can expect the need to pay moreattention to manipulating input dataand recording any assumptions made and their justification Regulation requires that new buildings must achieve or better this target. The TER is based on the performance of theNotionalbuilding and the following procedure must be followed in order to establish the TER. The procedure converts calculated building loads intoenergy (and hence CO2emissions) using seasonal efficiency parameters The following adjustments must be made, If the calculated value is greater than 0.22W/m ²K, the value of 0.22W/m ²K must be used in the Notional building. If the calculated value is less than 0.22W/m ²K with no added insulation, this lower value must be used in the Notionalbuilding The calculation procedure must always control the space temperature to the set-point defined for the relevant activity area in the NCM database, irrespective of the control temperature prevailing in the building as it operates in practice. The control set point will only vary according to the level of servicing provided. Using the table of the 2010 notional building data, the range of values, the CO2 improvement can be carried out by reduce carbon emissions and atmospheric pollution by encouraging local energy generation from renewable sources to supply much better tolerable ratio of the energy

How does military-based Virtual Reality treatment for PTSD differ from Essay

How does military-based Virtual Reality treatment for PTSD differ from commercial treatment for accidents - Essay Example ly heal from after they return home, but for some it is a difficult situation for them to understand and they may begin to have challenges within the first month. PTSD can be difficult to determine according to many experts because the emotional anxiety may not be much different from what a person would experience on a day to day basis. The normal distress of having more bills than money to pay them can result in some forms of anxiety. When it becomes more serious an individual may be going thorough flashbacks when a sound or smell triggers their anxious behaviour. In order to understand PTSD most people will have to go through a very detailed evaluation by a medical professional in order to discover whether they have the disorder or whether their anxiety is "normal". In PTSD trauma is present when there was a death or near death experience and there will be certain symptoms that go with it that include: 1. Re-experiencing can happen when the individual replays part of the trauma or experience with very strong emotional reactions. Their thoughts may be reliving the past action. This re-experiencing can happen during a nightmare or during the day. There are many ways to diagnose PTSD and this is always done by a healthcare professional, preferably a psychiatrist, psychologist or a clinical social worker. These mental health professionals must be trained in the diagnosis of psychological problems (National Centre for PTSD, Fact Sheet 2). Some of the assessments that are used include the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and The Structural Clinical Interview for PTSD. These are common tools that make evaluations more secure when talking with people who come back from traumatic events. There are a variety of traditional treatments for PTSD that both the military and commercial hospitals use to assist patients with this disorder. Experts agree that one of the ways to treat it is through psychotherapy. The therapy of choice is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Feminist Criticism of Triffles Essay Example for Free

Feminist Criticism of Triffles Essay The bone of contention for feminist theory is centered at the treatment of women living in a patriarchal society. Feminists raised questions about why women were being forced into a position of subordination and their affairs looked at with marginal importance. Susan Glaspell’s story â€Å"Trifles† depicts the plight of women and their subordination while subversively commenting on the negative effects this had on the female psyche. â€Å"Triflesâ€Å" begins with an investigation into the murder of John Wright, which takes place at his farm house. His wife, Mrs. Wright, is found at the crime scene and put in jail. She asks three of her friends, who are wives of the detectives investigating, to collect her apron and shawl. While the men scamper about trying to solve the crime of who did it, the women rifle through Mrs. Wrights belonging in search of her request. Noticing simple things out of place in the home or the trifles (as the men call it), they inadvertently find clues that reveal Mrs. Wright to be the murderer. It is said, the devils in the details which proves to be accurate in this situation. Glaspell’s story is a commentary on the societal values of women at the time and their roles in the home. By using theorists such as Gilbert and Gubar, Fetterly, and Irigaray, one can see how Glaspell uses a feminist critique to call to question the inequalities of women and highlighting the detriment this subordination has on females. â€Å"Trifles† embodies the problems of alienation women faced in the hands of a patriarchal society. Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan say â€Å"the subject of feminism was women‘s experience under patriarchy, the long tradition of male rule in society which silenced women‘s voices, distorted their lives, and treated their concerns as peripheralâ€Å" (527). We see this in the beginning of â€Å"Trifles†, â€Å"Mrs. Peters: Oh, her fruit; it did freeze. She worried about that when it turned so cold. She said the fire’d go out and her jars would break. Hale: Well, women are used to worrying over trifles† (Glaspell, 1043). The women’s voice is silenced by the man’s failure to recognize her concerns as legitimate. When presented with a concern from a woman, instead of paying attention, the men dismiss the women and their observations and silence them from speaking further. This alienates the women, placing them in a lower status. Of this Luce Irigaray say, â€Å" A direct feminine challenge to this condition means demanding to speak as a (masculine) â€Å"subject†, that is, it means to postulate a relation to the intelligible that would maintain sexual difference† (570). By Glaspell participating in the canon of literature and bringing attention to the female issue of subordination, she is challenging and demanding to speak in â€Å"masculine† terms, as literature was dominated by males. According to Judith Fetterley â€Å" American Literature is male. Our literature neither leaves women alone nor allows them to participate† (561). Glaspell shatters this. She is participating in a genre of art that was viewed as predominantly male. Also, she not only gave her female characters a participatory role, they had the most important role, while the men were secondary and almost needless. Speaking to the â€Å"silencing of voices† Glaspell writes, â€Å"Mrs. Peters: [looking in cupboard] Why, here’s a bird cage. [Holds it up] Did she have a bird, Mrs. Hale? Mrs. Hale: Why I don’t know whether she did or not-I’ve not been here for so long†¦ She used to sing real pretty herself† (1047). It goes on to read about Mr. Wright, â€Å" Mrs. Hale: But he was a hard man, Mrs. Peters. Just to pass the time of day with him-[Shivers. ] Like a raw wind that gets to the bone. [Pauses, her eye falling on the cage. ] I should think she would ‘a wanted a bird. But what do you suppose went with it? † (1048). As Rivkin and Ryan state, as mentioned above, the man silences the woman. Mr. Wright silenced Mrs. Wright, not allowing her to sing, â€Å"distorting† her life. Judith Fetterley believes that there is a certain amount of â€Å"power that marriage puts in the hands of men†(563) and â€Å"ownership of women is invoked as the index of power†(564). Because Mrs. Wright was so changed by her husband, â€Å"Mrs. Hale: She-come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself-real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and-fluttery. How-she-did-change† (1048), she was not only isolated in her home with her husband but her life was de valued, therefore she changed. Mr. Wright wanted her to be silent which is reminiscent of what Gilbert and Gubar say that a woman should be waiting â€Å"silently, without calling attention to her exertions† as it would detract from her focus on others (601). â€Å"Trifles† also reads, â€Å"Mrs. Hale: I might have known she needed help! I know how things can be -for women. I tell you it’s queer, Mrs. Peters. We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same things-it’s all just a different kind of the same thing. † (Glaspell, 1049). Here Susan Glaspell is pointing out the alienation that is a prevalent feeling amongst women. This feeling is induced by the patriarchal society that does not allow them to have a life of their own. Glaspell’s character Mrs. Wright sacrifices everything because that’s what her husband demanded, which was the status quo. Gilbert and Gubar also state â€Å"For to be selfless is not only to be noble, it is to be dead. A life that has no story†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (602). Mrs. Wright is the embodiment of these ideas. She is isolated, alienated, and quiet; she’s expected to be angel-like. The angel/devil binary is discussed by Gilbert and Gubar. The idea is that women have two sides to them. One side that is silent, submissive, obedient, and the other that is a monster, conniving, and deceitful (605). Though Mrs. Wright could be critically looked at as being a product of this angel/devil binary, more importantly Glaspell is challenging the male’s role in this binary. Essentially she is pointing out that by men placing women in a submissive role they are contributing to this angel/devil behavior they are critical of. The fact that the angel woman manipulates her domestic/mystical sphere in order to ensure the well-being of those entrusted to her care reveals that she can manipulate; she can scheme; she can plot- stories as well as strategies† (602). The woman can do no right. Fetterley points out â€Å"the sacrificial scapegoat is the woman/wife and the cleansed survivor is the husband/male. In such fictions the female reader is co-opted into participation in an experience from which she is explicitly excluded; she is asked to identify with a selfhood that defines itself in opposition to her; she is required to identify against herself† (562). Typically this is true because the male perception of women is that they should be angels, self sacrificing, subordinate but criticize this because they also believe the binary opposition to women is the devil. They are eliminating an identifiable character for the female reader, alienating them. Glaspell however, allows the female reader to identify with her female characters. In â€Å"Trifles† the women are doing â€Å"female things† looking about the kitchen, paying attention to the sewing, noticing the rotten fruit. Essentially everything that has to do with house hold matters. The men are utside looking for clues in the barn, completely unaware or unaltered by the fact that a woman could possibly have committed such an atrocious crime. After all, action is male and silence is female. Gilbert and Gubar quote from Eichner, â€Å"the ideal of significant action is masculine† and â€Å" women are defined as wholly passive, completely void of generative power†(599). Because women are viewed as having no power the men over look the evidence in the house; The house is for the women and their trifles. At the end of â€Å"Trifles† the women find Mrs. Wrights dead bird, with a broken neck. Coincidentally the same way her husband was murdered. The bird is wrapped up in her quilt, when it is found the story reads, â€Å"Mrs. Hale: [Jumping up] But, Mrs. Peters- look at it! It’s [sic] neck! Look at its neck! It’s all-other side to. Mrs. Peters: Somebody-wrung-its-neck† (Glaspell 1048). It is at this moment the women realize that Mrs. Wright has killed her husband. The attorney walks in and says â€Å" [As one turning from serious things to little pleasantries] Well, ladies, have you decided whether she was going to quilt it or knot it† (Glaspell 1048). By asking about quilting or knotting he is referring to the stitching on Mrs. Wrights quilt. The quilt is one of the â€Å"trifles† indicating Mrs. Wright as the murderer. Once again, Glaspell is drilling it into the readers head that the men think women’s concerns are unimportant. As the story goes on, the women allude to the fact that Mr. Wright could have played a hand in the death of the bird Mrs. Wright loved so. Glaspell continuously points out the domination and control of the men (Mr. Wright in this case) and the psychological effects it has on the women. Mrs. Peters: [ In a whisper. ] When I was a girl- my kitten- there was a boy took a hatchet, and before my eyes-and before I could get there-[Covers her face an instant. ] If they hadn’t held me back I would have- hurt him†(Glaspell, 1049). Not only are grown men oppressive of women, it appears that Glaspell is also commenting on the societal values of child rearing, pertaining to sex. The little b oy is allowed to act violently (action is masculine) but the little girl has to be held back, and allow whatever grief she feels to over come her with not outlet. This speaks to Rivkin and Ryan’s idea of a constructionist or essentialist child rearing. In other words, are children taught their roles of femininity and masculinity or are they innate? By the child scenario given in â€Å"Trifles† Glaspell notes that the different genders abide by different ideals. The little boy (fulfilling essentialism) is allowed to be â€Å"active† fulfilling his innate desire to take a hatchet to the cat. The little girl is fulfilling the constructionist role. Her gender is being created when she is being told how to act, being held back and constrained, none of these being her first choice. As children, it would appear, little boys are able to act on their natural desires, while little girls have to grin and bear it. Of these two ideals Gilbert and Gubar say, â€Å"two perspectives began to form, one â€Å"constructionist† or accepting of the idea that gender is made by culture in history, the other â€Å"essentialist,† more inclined to the idea that gender reflects a natural difference between men and women that is as much psychological, even linguistic, as it is biological† (529). These roles the children learn, carry with them into their adult lives where women are oppressed and men are free. This is another example of women being isolated from a young age. The last scene of â€Å"Trifles† is Mrs. Hale putting the dead bird in her pocket, keeping Mrs. Wrights secret. â€Å" County Attorney: No, Peters it’s all perfectly clear except a reason for doing it. But you know juries when it comes to women. If there was some definite thing. Something to show-something to make a story about- a thing that would connect up with this strange way of doing it-† ( Glaspell, 1050). The men in their ignorance don’t see what’s in front of them. The evidence was there, they just let their social conventions detract from the situation at hand. In a way, Glaspell is making the male gender look foolish. By placing the evidence in conspicuous places, their inability to find clues is commenting on the narrow scope of males. â€Å"County Attorney:: Oh, I guess they’re not very dangerous things the ladies have picked out. [Moves a few things about, disturbing the quilt pieces which cover the box. Steps back. ] No, Mrs. Peters doesn’t need supervising. For that matter, a sheriff’s wife is married to the law. † (1050). As everyone leaves the scene they police suggest checking what Mrs. Peters is removing from the house. The attorney is almost amused at what he finds to be trifles that she is collecting ( the apron, shawl, quilt) when she is in fact removing the evidence he was searching for. The women in this story feel bad for Mrs. Wright. They are not â€Å"married to the law† but dedicated to the common bond of the alienated woman. The law that the attorney says Mrs. Peters is married to, is a patriarchal law that oppresses women and makes them subjects of the system. These women’s devotion truly lies with each other and their struggle to survive an oppressive society. If in marriage a woman is isolated and dominated, her only sense of self lies within the common struggle. Because she identifies with the sadness of Mrs. Wright she with holds evidence. Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† provides a solution to many of the inherent problems the feminist scholars bring to light. She writes about the alienation of women and how a patriarchal society is silencing. Women’s voices are not heard and when they are, there opinions and concerns are dismissed, regardless of their importance. Glaspell uses the relationship between her male and female characters to exemplify this. Glaspell challenges the notion of the male writers point of view in that she, simply by writing and challenging, is taking on the male characteristic of action as opposed to silence. She also plays with the duality of the notion of woman, angel and devil. She constructs a character that could be seen as the angel/devil, but subversively comments on society pushing the woman into these roles they find so disagreeable. This further leads into the idea of constructionist and essentialist where girls identities are constructed while boys are innate, causing a future of oppressive relationships.

Green Tea Organics PEST, SWOT and Porters Analysis

Green Tea Organics PEST, SWOT and Porters Analysis When an organization gets prepared to step into the international market, it has a lot of things to do. The term marketing will always be an inevitable term for them whether they are supplying the products domestically or internationally. There are many differences between the domestic and international business in terms of marketing. Whenever an organization sees itself doing great in the domestic market, it also aims to capture the international market. But capturing the international market is not an easy thing. It needs a lot of research, planning and effort. The managers need to do understand all the complexities and diversities of international marketing. After understanding these things, they also need to build up the skills, aptitudes and knowledge so they can achieve their target in the international level. There is a need for strong research and development team in the organization to learn about the need of the products in the market and also to learn about how to establish their brand in that particular country for attracting and satisfying the new range of customers. There is a need to perform the PESTLE analysis- political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental analysis. They also need to learn about the strengths, weakness and the opportunities of the organization in that market. As the consumption of tea in Malaysia is increasing day by day and there is a growing need for organic tea, Green Tea Organics Limited, a recently formed organization thought of exporting organic tea to Malaysia. This report will focus on the external environment analysis by Green Tea Organics Limited. It will also try to analyze the strengths, weakness and opportunities and at the end, this report will try to design some marketing strategies for Green Tea Organics Limited for coping up with the market. Planning is always defined as a systematic way for relating things to the future. It is basically an attempt which is taken to manage the effects of external, uncontrollable factors on the strengths, weaknesses, objectives and the goals of the firms for attaining a desired end. Again, it is held to be a commitment of resources to the market of a country for achieving specific goals. We can also say that, planning is basically the job of making things happen in a synchronized way otherwise things might not occur. (Enderwick, 2009) It can also be related to the formulation of goals and methods for accomplishing them. So, it can be termed as both a process and a philosophy. Structurally, there are three ways to be used to define planning- corporate, strategic and tactical. International corporate planning is defined to be a long-term goal incorporating generalized objectives for the organization. The highest level of any organization conducts this planning. They also deal with the product, capital and research. International marketing strategy is the kind of a corporate planning which the highest levels of managers undertake to place their products in the international market (Cadogan, 2009). For that, they design different market entry strategies along with new marketing mix strategies so the products can catch the essence of the market and can also attract the right base of consumers. According to many researches, a cup of tea contains less caffeine than coffee. This is the reason health conscious consumers are more driven to drink tea. The invention of organic green tea is leading these consumers to prefer tea more than coffee as it has been widely promoted these days and it has also so many positive health benefits. (Waranantakul, 2014) There is an increase in the health conscious consumer base in Malaysia for which Green Tea Organics Limited chose it as their market place for organic green tea. International marketing is defined as the application of marketing principles by an organization or association in more than one country. There is a much debate between international marketing and global marketing. Coincidentally they both are held to be the same. (Peter and Olson, 2010) Situational analysis is performed to better understand the complexities and advantages in the market for the newly arrived organization. It consists of 5Cs- Company, Competitors, Customers, Collaborators and Climate. (Pandurangarao, 2015) 3.1 Company Green Tea Organics Limited started its journey in Assam, India. Domestically, it has a strong market of a 3.5 crores of organic tea consumer base in the all-over India. It has approximately 200 farmers in the different areas of Assam and among them, 120 farmers are certified. Seeing this growth, they want to export tea now. 3.2 Competitors Green Tea Organics as several competitors in Assam, India. But they have been able to differentiate themselves among them because of their quality and price range. Now it wants to capture the market of Malaysia with the same attributes. 3.3 Customers The growing health conscious consumer base of Malaysia is the main customers of Green Tea Organics Limited. Since they prefer tea to coffee and also want to have it in a low price range, Green Tea Organics has a strong potential to catch the market. 3.4 Collaborators Collaborators are the agencies or the media who help the organization from the foreign countries in setting up their business in the other country. Green Tea Organics will use the indirect channel for the distribution of their products. They will look for the third party agencies so they can sell their products in the market for the first few months. The advantage of using an indirect channel is that it doesnt require sales personnel to be present at the market. 3.5 Climate The climate for a business means the external environment. Green Tea Organics is currently ready to face all the complexities in the Malaysian market. 4.1 Mission Statement Right now, Green Tea Organics Limited wants to export their product organic tea to Malaysia to capture this international market with the quality of their product and also the low price range. Basically the roadmap of Green Tea Organics starts with the mission which is held to be enduring. It very well establishes the purpose and also declares the standard against which it will always weight their actions and decisions. The missions are- To give a refreshing start to the day To motivate people with optimism and happiness To create a value To make a difference in the society 4.2 Product Green Tea Organics Limited wants to introduce their signature product organic green tea in the Malaysian market. There are some very important health benefits in it. There is the presence of polyphenoloxidase in it. According to doctors and researchers, there is an abundant supply of antioxidants which is said to have the prevention and curing power of more than 14 diseases, such as skin diseases, cancer, cavities, food poisoning, virus and excessive fat etc. 4.3 Target Market The target market for the organic green tea product of Green Tea Organics is those above of 5 years of age and who are also health conscious. This product can be consumed by any one above 5 years of the age. It will be very helpful for the fat people as it reduces fat and also for those who have diabetic problem as it doesnt contain sugar. So the age range of the customers basically will be from 20 to 75. 4.4 Financial Analysis Primarily, it will be priced at 5.29 ringgit for 1.5 liter and 2.55 ringgit for 500 mile liter. In this price range, it is assumed that it will be able to increase the overall sales of the company by 40% which will also contribute to the profit maximization of the company.   It is also assumed that it will produce a profit of 17% in the beginning of the year and it is assumed that it will increase to 25% to 30% by the end of the year. Researchers basically use PESTLE- political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental analysis framework to understand the external environment (Waranantakul, 2014). It is said that it helps to understand the macro level factors of the business. This report will use this framework to analyze the external factors that might affect the business of Green Tea Organics in Malaysia. 5.1 Political Environment There are many political elements which have the potential to affect the organic tea product of Green Tea Organics. One of the reasons will be the duty and tax rate in Malaysia. It has the ability to affect the customer spending and also the enterprise expenses in Malaysia. Recently the Malaysia government has brought down the interest level to boost up the economy. There is another variable which is the interest rates. It would have a positive impact as it will help to bring much investment. Green Tea Organics will be able to bring in investment through loans. Apart from this, currently Malaysia has a very calm political atmosphere which shows the sign of no war and no distressing situation. 5.2 Economic Environment The business of Green Tea Organics will be profoundly affected by the current economic environment of Malaysia. The last year was a difficult year for Malaysia but they were able to close it on a good note. In the last quarter the GDP had recorded the strongest performance. It expanded in a better than expected rate of 4.5 %. Acceleration in the fixed investment and resilient private consumption underpinned the robust result. Researchers are saying that ringgit has become weaker and there has been an increase in the oil price which has contributed significantly towards the development. However, they are also saying that the net contribution by the external sector got stable as the imports had gained steam. Thats why Green Tea Organics can hope for a better result when establishing their business in Malaysia looking at all these factors. 5.3 Social Environment Many social and cultural changes are being seen in Malaysia which can have impact on the consumption of organic green tea. Since there is an increase in the sense of health consciousness among people, they want to consume those foods which have positive health effect on them. One of the very popular domestic tea manufacturers of Malaysia earned a value share of 34% with a sale of MYR90 million with the introduction of their new product called Green Tea Latte with instant tea back in August 2016. The company also invented a recipe to make jelly by using that green tea latte. They promoted this recipe using Facebook and other social media which earned a lot of attention and popularity. So, they created a social trend of having different foods with the use of green tea. Green Tea Organics Limited has to keep it in mind. 5.4 Technological Environment As there has been an intense technological growth in Malaysia, it will help Green Tea Organics Limited to create an online business for their organic green tea product. It is told to be one of the most accepted models of the customers in Malaysia. Consumers prefer the online social networking sites like Facebook, twitter and YouTube to be the most interactive platforms for their communication with the manufacturers and others. Academicians and market researchers proclaim this to be as one of the main ingredients for a successful marketing strategy which allows the customers for finding the best facilities and also for developing effective communication that involve using different apps on their smartphones. 5.5 Legal Environment It is important that Green Tea Organics Limited maintain all the legal procedures while starting their business in Malaysia and exporting the products in here. They will have to maintain the standards that are enforced by the jurisdiction. They will have to maintain the regulations of processing the tea, the packaging, sourcing and manufacturing and distributing it to the market. 5.6 Environmental Analysis The climate of Malaysia is warm throughout the year. The temperature of Malaysia ranges from 20 degree Celsius to 30 degree Celsius on an average. It has been observed that basically a tropical weather is observed by Malaysia. It is also believed that it is never too hot. Thats why it can work as a positive thing for Green Tea Organics as their organic green tea product will have the need all the year round. If it was too hot, people would have rather gone for cold drinks. So the tropical weather of Malaysia will give a head start to the business of organic green tea. Green Tea Organics Limited is going to establish a premium positioning for the first time. For their product, the tea leaves are brought from drying. Just after plucking, the fresh tea leaves are steamed. It is said that a dietary source of biologically active compounds is provided by tea. They are assuming to prevent a wide variety of diseases. There is much evidence which say that a moderate level of the consumption of tea will protect against various forms of diseases. Still, to establish a business, Green Tea Organics will have to analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. (Krstic and Becic, 2011) 6.1 Strengths Green Tea Organics has a strong brand image in Assam, India. They produce good quality products with fresh ingredients. Their products have an affordable price range. They are considered cheaper among all the other competing brands. Their products taste delicious It doesnt contain sugar It will work as a savior of thirsty In the drinkers, it will have a calming and soothing effect. It bears international standard. 6.2 Weakness It is primarily having a poor advertising strategy. It is a brand-new product in Malaysia. The rate of awareness among the consumers is still pretty low. It has some very strong competitors in the Malaysian Market. It is still having a less promotion. 6.3 Opportunities Green Tea Organics Limited can introduce more unique flavor and fragrance in their product. As it doesnt contain any sugar, it will be much valued by the diabetic patients. Other products by the competitors have been introduced a long time ago. The life cycle of their products have been approaching to decline stage. So Green Tea Organics has the opportunity to capture the market. They have the opportunity to increase the promotion and awareness of the product through proper advertising and promotional strategies. 6.4 Threats Brands like Lipton have established their products a long time ago for which they also have a strong brand image. Their old label is well known to the people of Malaysia. They will approach to their well-known product. As it doesnt contain any sugar. So the consumers may feel bored at a time with the single taste. So if they dont introduce new flavor, they will not be able to retain the market. Strategy is basically defined as the art of coordinating and managing the processes of the organizations, such as human resources, money and material for achieving the profit, company growth and customer satisfaction by following the policy and objectives of the company. So the marketing strategy of an organization is also defined as an implementation process through which the manager will be able to achieve the objectives of the company easily. (Krstic and Becic, 2011) For a marketer, it is hardly possible to satisfy everyone. For every individual, the taste and preference would vary. Everyone wouldnt like the same product or service. Thats why, there is the need to segment the market demographically, psychographic or behaviorally. There is a need to bring difference among the buyers. (Waranantakul, 2014) The market for the organic tea product of Green Tea Organics has been segmented. Since it has aimed to do an online distribution, it then eliminates the geographical barrier. Anyone will be able to order the product through the website of Green Tea Organics. Apart from the online consumer base, there will be a consumer base in Malaysia. For any efficient marketer, he will target the market after segmenting the market. For Green Tea Organics, the consumer base consist the age range from 20 to 70. They include the health conscious consumers. The introduction of new beverages has not really been able to affect the consumption of tea of these people. Their main priority is their health. For them, maintaining their health by having green tea is a priority. Again Malaysia has a tropical weather which inspires having tea at home rather than going out. (Enderwick, 2009) Green Tea Organics has aimed to position itself by following the premium positioning. So anyone will have an interest to it. 7.1 Marketing Mix To ensure a proper marketing strategy, there is a need to device marketing strategies and also integrate the marketing programs properly. So, marketing mix is followed which contains 4P- Product, price, promotion and place. 7.1.1 Product Green Tea Organics Limited will be introducing the very best organic tea product in the market which contains no fertilizer or chemical when growing them. The company will be exporting the tea directly to Malaysia just after deriving it from the garden to protect its originality. Green Tea Organics will be using their own brand name to sell the product. They will be selling it in bottles and tea bags for the convenience of the consumers. 7.1.2 Price The price range of the organic tea products will be an affordable one. A 35% of the margin will be kept aside for the retailers who buy in a bulk. After the product is delivered, the company will give them a month of bonus period. They will also give a month of credit period to those who will buy in larger quantities. 7.1.3 Promotion Green Tea Organics will be using the line advertisements. They will advertise and promote it by using their public relation. 7.1.4 Place Green Tea Organics will rent a place at first where the products will be stored for distribution. Various kinds of distribution channels will be used to reach the customers. The product will have its availability at various super markets. It can also be found in the shops in the neighborhood. Apart from all these, Green Tea Organics will have its own website for carrying out their online transaction. Thus Green Tea Organics Limited will be following the marketing mix strategy of 4P to market their product. For any organization, it is difficult to capture the essence of the international market at first.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   It requires a great deal of research, analysis and effective decision making process to give a head start to the business. For any business in the international market, there will be strong competitors. 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